Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
type: channel
description: Welcome to Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (JMHRS) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed quarterly journal published by Circle Rehab and Research Center (SMC Pvt. Ltd.). JMHRS provides a global platform for cutting-edge research and innovation in health, medical sciences, and rehabilitation. Our mission is to advance evidence-based practices, bridge the gap between research and clinical application, and promote knowledge that enhances recovery, quality of life, and human well-being. ABOUT THE JOURNAL Title: Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Journal Abbreviation: J. Mod. Health Rehabil. Sci. Frequency: Quarterly Managed and Published by: Circle Rehab and Research Center, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan ISSN no: 3079-0727 (Print) | 3079-0735 (Online) TYPES OF MANUSCRIPTS ACCEPTED The journal accepts:- (a) Guest Editorials on important subjects of current interest, (b) Original Articles, (c) Review Articles (Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis), (d) Case Reports, (e) Case Studies (f) Short Communications (g) Letters to the Editor
publisher: Circle Rehab and Research Center
language: en
publication name: Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
issn: 3079-0727
copyright: Copyright ©. Authors retain copyright and grant publishing rights to Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (JMHRS).
items: Association of Socio-Emotional Competency and Self-Efficacy: A Cross Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
items: Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Profile and blaOXA-23 Sequence Analysis in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
items: Perception of Patients on Rehabilitation Practices after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
items: Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among University Students: A Qualitative Approach
items: Lack of Expert Research Mentorship and Publication Culture among Undergraduate Physical Therapy Programs in Pakistan
items: Frequency of Neck Pain Along with Postural Deviation and Thumb Pain Among Smartphone Users in Engineering Universities
items: Comparative Effects of Fascial Distortion Model and Foam Rolling on Pain, Calf Flexibility and Ankle Range of Motion Among High Heel Users: A Randomized Clinical Trial
items: Enhancing Mental Flow and Reflex Respense Through Muscle Memory Training in Boxing and Badminton Athletes
items: Correlation of Maximal Respiratory Pressures with Pulmonary Function in Post-COVID-19 Patients
items: Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Caregivers of Children with Disabilities
items: Identifying the Most Susceptible Rotator Cuff Muscle in Amateur Boxers: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Osteopathic Manual Therapy Versus Conventional Conservative Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders
items: Comparison of Hand Function and Grip Strength in Male and Female Hand Weavers
items: The Influence of Water Aerobics on Aerobic Capacity of Endurance Training Athletes
items: Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Tailors in Saddar, Peshawar: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Utilization of Occupational Therapists in Mental Health Settings in Lahore, Pakistan
items: Impact of Computer Vision Syndrome on the Quality of Life of Office Workers
items: Association Between Sleep Pattern and Screen Time in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
items: Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Interns in Allied Health Sciences
items: Clinical Spectrum and Frequency of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children with Down Syndrome at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology
items: Prevalence of Migraine and Associated Disability Among Auto-Rickshaw Drivers in Lahore During Summer
items: Prevalence and Patterns of Femoral Neck Fractures in Road Traffic Accident Patients
items: Sonographic Association Between Body Mass Index and Anterior Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
items: Public's Knowledge of Renal Failure and its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Assessing the Impact of Stair Climbing Exercise on Endurance Performance in Athletes
items: Prevalence of Forward Head Posture among School Children Using Smartphones in Rawalpindi
items: Exploring the Impact of Cross-Leg Sitting on Hip Mobility in University Students
items: Impact of Physical and Mental Health in Patients With Facial Palsy
items: Assessment of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital for Routine Medical Check-Up
items: Awareness of Biomedical Waste Management among Medical and Paramedical Students in Faisalabad

Association of Socio-Emotional Competency and Self-Efficacy: A Cross Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
type: item
description: Background: Socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy are essential determinants of nursing students’ personal development, clinical performance, and ability to adapt to professional challenges. Understanding their association can guide educational strategies aimed at improving emotional regulation, confidence, and academic success. Objective: To determine the association between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students in Hayatabad, Peshawar. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025 across three nursing institutions: Khyber Medical University Institute of Nursing Sciences, Northwest College of Nursing, and Pak International Nursing College. Using convenient random sampling, 215 students from the 2nd to 8th semesters were included, while 1st semester students were excluded. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire comprising the 25 item socio-emotional Competence Scale (Cronbach α = 0.95) and the 10 item General Self-Efficacy Scale (Cronbach α = 0.88). Scores were categorized as high or low based on the median, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 with chi square and Pearson correlation test. Results: The sample included 54.9% males and 45.1% females. The mean socio-emotional competence score was 78.45 (SD = 8.35) and the mean self-efficacy score was 32.49 (SD = 4.14). A significant positive correlation was found between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy (r = 0.561, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that higher socio-emotional competence is significantly associated with higher self-efficacy among nursing students, indicating that emotional and social skills are vital for confidence and effective academic and clinical functioning. Keywords: Academic Performance, Nursing Education, Self-Efficacy, Socio-Emotional Competence, Undergraduate Nursing Students.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Nursing Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Emotional Competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Undergraduate Nursing Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Afnan Ullaha
creator: Shakeela Shakeela
creator: Fawad Ali Mian
creator: Sanaullah Sanaullah
creator: Saifullah Khan
creator: Ikram ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Afnan Ullaha, Shakeela, Fawad Ali Mian, Sanaullah, Saifullah Khan, Ikram ullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: ID 187
ending page: ID 187

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Profile and blaOXA-23 Sequence Analysis in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
type: item
description: Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of healthcare associated infections, particularly in intensive care units, and exhibits extensive resistance to multiple antibiotic classes including carbapenems. Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm formation, and prevalence of the blaOXA-23 gene among A. baumannii isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 150 clinical specimens (pus, sputum, and blood) were collected from the surgical ICU over a three month period. Isolates were identified using API-20E, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Sanger sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI (2023) standards. Biofilm formation was quantified using the microtiter plate assay. Detection and sequence analysis of blaOXA-23 were conducted through PCR amplification and phylogenetic comparison with regional strains. Results: Out of 150 samples, 50 (33.3%) yielded A. baumannii. Twenty isolates (40%) demonstrated biofilm formation, and 19/20 (95%) of these carried blaOXA-23. Overall, blaOXA-23 was present in 19/50 (38%) isolates. Complete resistance (100%) was observed to meropenem and cephradine, while imipenem and amikacin resistance reached 75%. One XDR isolate harboring blaOXA-23 showed 96–98% genetic similarity with regional sequences. Conclusion: The high frequency of blaOXA-23 among biofilm-forming A. baumannii isolates underscores an alarming trend in carbapenem resistance and necessitates stringent infection control practices and antibiotic stewardship in tertiary care settings. Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, blaOXA-23, Biofilm, Carbapenem Resistance.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial Susceptibility
  topic: keywords
subject: blaOXA-23
  topic: keywords
subject: Biofilm
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbapenem Resistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Mubbara Babar
creator: Mirza Muhammad Suleman
creator: Naureen Zahra
creator: Huma Naveed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mubbara Babar, Mirza Muhammad Suleman, Naureen Zahra , Huma Naveed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-12
publication date: 2025-11-12
starting page: ID 186
ending page: ID 186

Perception of Patients on Rehabilitation Practices after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
type: item
description: Background: Rehabilitation after hip and knee arthroplasty is essential for restoring mobility, function, and quality of life. Patients’ perceptions of these rehabilitation practices significantly influence adherence, satisfaction, and overall recovery outcomes. Objective: The study aimed to explore patients perceptions of rehabilitation practices following hip and knee arthroplasty procedures. Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological, and exploratory design was adopted. Data were collected through in depth, face to face interviews using a self-developed questionnaire. Six participants undergoing rehabilitation after hip or knee arthroplasty were recruited from Pakistan Railways Hospital, Rawalpindi. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti 8 software. Through systematic coding, one overarching theme patient satisfaction and four subthemes were identified: physiotherapist behavior and counseling, adherence to a structured rehabilitation protocol, addressing patients’ concerns, and overall rehabilitation experience. Results: Participants expressed a high degree of satisfaction and psychological dependence on their physiotherapists. Those who underwent hip arthroplasty reported slightly higher satisfaction compared to knee arthroplasty patients. Despite positive perceptions, issues such as inconsistent communication, care coordination gaps, and varying therapist attitudes were highlighted as areas needing improvement. Conclusion: Patients perceptions of rehabilitation following total hip and knee arthroplasty revealed that communication, therapist empathy, patient engagement, social support, and perceived recovery barriers shape their overall rehabilitation experience. Integrating these insights into physiotherapy protocols can enhance patient centered care, improve adherence, and promote better postoperative outcomes. Keywords: Arthroplasty, Perception, Physiotherapy, Postoperative Period, Rehabilitation.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Arthroplasty
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Postoperative Period
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Um e Habiba
creator: Sidra Asghar
creator: Jassia Ramzan Malik
creator: Kaynat Mehrban
creator: Ayesha Sadiqqa
creator: Amreen Shabir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Um e Habiba , Sidra Asghar, Jassia Ramzan Malik, Kaynat Mehrban, Ayesha Sadiqqa, Amreen Shabir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: ID 184
ending page: ID 184

Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among University Students: A Qualitative Approach
type: item
description: Background: Regular physical activity is essential for preventing chronic diseases and maintaining musculoskeletal and metabolic health; however, university students frequently develop sedentary habits due to academic demands, prolonged screen time, and limited opportunities for structured exercise. Objective: To identify and quantify barriers preventing regular exercise among university students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 673 university students (362 females and 311 males) from four universities in Faisalabad, Pakistan, selected using simple random sampling. Eligible participants were those who did not engage in regular exercise. Data were collected using a demographic form and a validated, customized Barriers to Exercise Participation questionnaire. Ethical standards were maintained through informed consent and strict confidentiality. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics and chi square tests to examine gender based associations. Results: The most prominent barriers included exhaustion after academic or work related activities (39.8 percent very likely), lack of time (28.2 percent very likely), and insufficient motivation (12.5 percent very likely). Social influences, such as inactive friends and family members (72.7 percent somewhat likely), as well as structural constraints like lack of facilities (39.8 percent very likely) and financial limitations (39.8 percent very likely), also contributed. A significant association between gender and overall perceived barriers was observed (p = 0.000). Conclusion: University students encountered multiple personal, social, and environmental barriers to regular physical activity, with clear gender specific differences. Strengthening institutional support and developing targeted health promotion strategies may improve exercise participation and support long term student wellbeing. Keywords: Barriers, Exercise Participation, Gender Differences, Phys…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Activity
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Samraiz Mughal
creator: Hooria Tayyab
creator: Hira Younas
creator: Ansa Ijaz``
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samraiz Mughal, Hooria Tayyab, Hira Younas, Ansa Ijaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27
starting page: ID 180
ending page: ID 180

Lack of Expert Research Mentorship and Publication Culture among Undergraduate Physical Therapy Programs in Pakistan
type: item
description: Dear Editor, I wish to bring attention to a glaring void in the undergraduate physical therapy education system in Pakistan; the absence of structured research mentorship and a stagnant culture of scientific publication among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. While research projects or theses are formally required components of the curriculum, the actual implementation of research training is fragmented, superficial, and in many institutions, purely procedural. In an era where evidence-based practice (EBP) defines clinical excellence and professional credibility, the inability of our students to conduct meaningful research, engage in critical thinking, or contribute to scientific literature places our profession at a serious disadvantage both locally and internationally.
subject: Letter to Editor
  topic: section
subject: Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Mentorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Publication
  topic: keywords
subject: Lack of Research Experts
  topic: keywords
subject: Undergraduate Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Doctor of Physical Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Etisam Wahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Etisam Wahid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-03
publication date: 2025-08-03
starting page: ID 158
ending page: ID 158

Frequency of Neck Pain Along with Postural Deviation and Thumb Pain Among Smartphone Users in Engineering Universities
type: item
description: Background: Excessive smartphone use has been associated with musculoskeletal and postural problems, particularly among young adults. Engineering students represent a high-risk group due to prolonged screen exposure. Objective: To determine the frequency of neck pain, postural deviation, and thumb pain among engineering university students with heavy smartphone use. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 373 participants (218 males, 155 females; aged 20–25 years) recruited through purposive sampling from five engineering universities in Karachi. Inclusion criteria required smartphone use for more than 4 hours daily. Data were collected using validated tools: the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaire (CHDQ), and the REEDco posture assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Neck pain was reported by 67.8% of participants, with 45.3% showing mild disability, 17.4% moderate disability, 4.8% severe disability, and 0.3% complete disability. Thumb pain was present in 21.2%, and forward head posture in 32.2%. Mean scores (95% CI) were: NDI 9.31 (8.53–10.10), CHDQ 17.44 (14.21–20.67), and REEDco 81.00 (79.64–82.36). NDI and CHDQ demonstrated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.308, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone overuse among engineering students was strongly associated with neck disability and thumb pain, highlighting the need for ergonomic education and preventive healthcare strategies to reduce long-term musculoskeletal risks. Keywords: Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Neck Disability Index, Posture, Smartphone Addiction, Text Neck, Thumb Pain, University Students.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Neck Disability Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Posture
  topic: keywords
subject: Smartphone Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Text Neck
  topic: keywords
subject: Thumb Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Kashmala Khan
creator: Rizwan Ali Shah
creator: Rida Noor Khan
creator: Zoha Shoaib
creator: Zainab Wara Zainab Wara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kashmala Khan, Rizwan Ali Shah, Rida Noor Khan, Zoha Shoaib, Zainab Wara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: ID 157
ending page: ID 157

Comparative Effects of Fascial Distortion Model and Foam Rolling on Pain, Calf Flexibility and Ankle Range of Motion Among High Heel Users: A Randomized Clinical Trial
type: item
description: Background: Prolonged high-heel use is associated with calf muscle tightness, reduced ankle dorsiflexion, and pain, leading to functional limitations. Effective interventions such as the Fascial Distortion Model (FDM) and foam rolling are increasingly used in musculoskeletal rehabilitation, but their comparative efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of FDM and foam rolling on pain, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and functional performance among habitual high-heel users. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 female participants (age 18–26 years; BMI 21–37 kg/m²). Participants were randomly assigned to either the FDM group (n=15) receiving manual therapy (Trigger Band and Cylinder Distortion techniques) or the foam rolling group (n=15). Both interventions were administered twice weekly for 4 weeks, following a standardized baseline calf stretching protocol. Pain was assessed with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), ankle ROM with a goniometer, and functional dorsiflexion with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT). Results: Among Both interventions produced significant improvements across time points (p<0.001). At week 4, foam rolling showed superior outcomes compared to FDM: NPRS (3.80±0.77 vs. 4.40±0.73), ROM (18.60±1.05 vs. 14.20±1.52), and WBLT (16.36±0.21 vs. 10.22±0.70). Between-group differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Increased FDM and foam rolling are both effective in reducing calf-related pain and enhancing ankle dorsiflexion among habitual high-heel users. Foam rolling, however, demonstrated greater improvements in pain reduction, ROM, and functional performance, supporting its use as a practical and effective intervention in clinical and athletic settings. Keywords: Ankle Dorsiflexion, Fascial Distortion Model, Foam Rolling, Gait, Footwear, Rehabilitation, Myofascial Release, Pain Management, Range Of Motion, Weight-Bearing Lunge Test
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ankle Dorsiflexion
  topic: keywords
subject: Fascial Distortion Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Foam Rolling
  topic: keywords
subject: Gait
  topic: keywords
subject: Footwear
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Myofascial Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Range Of Motion
  topic: keywords
subject: Weight-Bearing Lunge Test
  topic: keywords
creator: Hira Mannan
creator: Ifza Fatima
creator: Soha Naeem
creator: Mariam Zaidi
creator: Mahnoor Maqqadas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hira Mannan, Ifza Fatima, Soha Naeem, Mariam Zaidi, Mahnoor Maqqadas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-26
publication date: 2025-08-26
starting page: ID 154
ending page: ID 154

Enhancing Mental Flow and Reflex Respense Through Muscle Memory Training in Boxing and Badminton Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Mental flow and reflex efficiency are essential for peak performance in high-speed sports such as boxing and badminton. Muscle memory, developed through repetitive training, may support the automaticity required to access flow states and reduce reaction latency. Objective: To examine the impact of an integrated muscle memory and cognitive training program on reflex response and mental flow state in university-level boxing and badminton athletes. Methods: A total of 30 athletes (mean age 24.2 ± 1.69 years) participated in an 8-week intervention combining sport-specific movement repetition, visualization, mindfulness meditation, and reaction time drills. Flow state was assessed using the Flow State Scale (FSS), and reflex performance was measured using the Ruler Drop Test (RDT). Paired-sample t-tests and confidence intervals were computed using SPSS v25. Results: Post-intervention RDT scores significantly improved (mean difference: 2.29 ms; 95% CI: 2.10– 2.48; p = 0.000), while FSS scores showed a marked increase (mean difference: –2.40; 95% CI: –2.52 to – 2.27; p = 0.000), confirming enhanced flow and reflex efficiency. Conclusion: Muscle memory training comprising targeted reaction time drills, mindfulness techniques, and sport-specific reflex exercises effectively enhanced both reflex response and mental flow states in university level boxing and badminton athletes. Keywords: Athletic Performance, Attention, Badminton, Boxing, Cognitive Training, Flow State, Motor Skills, Muscle Memory, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reflex Training.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Athletic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Attention
  topic: keywords
subject: Badminton
  topic: keywords
subject: Boxing
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow State
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychomotor Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Reaction Time
  topic: keywords
subject: Reflex Training
  topic: keywords
creator: Basit Ali
creator: Anayat Ali
creator: Abdul Waheed
creator: Hasnain Ishaq
creator: Fatima Tahir
creator: Muhammad Qamar Idrees
creator: Ijaz Ahmed Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Basit Ali, Anayat Ali, Abdul Waheed , Hasnain Ishaq, Fatima Tahir, Muhammad Qamar Idrees, Ijaz Ahmed khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-25
publication date: 2025-06-25
starting page: ID 138
ending page: ID 138

Correlation of Maximal Respiratory Pressures with Pulmonary Function in Post-COVID-19 Patients
type: item
description: Background: Post-COVID-19 patients frequently experience impaired respiratory muscle strength and reduced lung function, which may not be fully detected through spirometry alone. Objective: To investigate the correlation between maximal respiratory pressures specifically maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with pulmonary function parameters measured with spirometric parameters (FVC and FEV1) in individuals recovering from COVID-19 before and after pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 25 post-COVID-19 patients who completed a structured pulmonary rehabilitation program. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed using MIP and MEP, while lung function was measured via spirometry (FVC and FEV1), both pre- and post-rehabilitation. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations between MIP-FVC and MEP-FEV1. Data collection followed ethical standards and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: Pre-rehabilitation, MIP and FVC were weakly correlated (r = 0.244, p = 0.239), and MEP and FEV1 showed no significant correlation (r = –0.175, p = 0.402). Post-rehabilitation, MIP correlated moderately with FVC (r = 0.553, p = 0.004), and MEP strongly with FEV1 (r = 0.697, p < 0.001), indicating substantial functional improvements. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation enhances respiratory muscle strength and its relationship with pulmonary function, supporting MIP and MEP as sensitive indicators of post-COVID-19 respiratory recovery. Keywords: COVID-19, Forced Expiratory Volume, Muscle Strength, Pulmonary Function Tests, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiratory Function Tests, Respiratory Muscle Training, Respiratory Muscles, Vital Capacity.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Forced Expiratory Volume
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary Function Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary Ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Function Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Muscle Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Muscles
  topic: keywords
subject: Vital Capacity
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Chandra Widjanantie
creator: Maria A Dwiarti Kartika Harinaningtyas
creator: Nury Nusdwinuringtyas
creator: Erlina Burhan
creator: Wiwien Heru Wiyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Chandra Widjanantie, Maria A Dwiarti Kartika Harinaningtyas, Nury Nusdwinuringtyasa, Erlina Burhan, Wiwien Heru Wiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: ID 132
ending page: ID 132

Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Caregivers of Children with Disabilities
type: item
description: Background: Caring for children with developmental disabilities places significant emotional and physical strain on caregivers, often leading to poor sleep and compromised mental health. Objective: To assess and compare sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress levels among mothers of children with developmental disabilities versus mothers of typically developing children. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health and PSRD, Lahore. A total of 420 participants were recruited using convenience sampling: 210 mothers of children with developmental disabilities and 210 mothers of typically developing children. Standardized tools Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42) were used to assess sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test; p-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Mothers of children with disabilities reported significantly higher sleep index scores (60.40 ± 10.83) compared to mothers of typically developing children (50.56 ± 6.49; p < 0.001). Stress scores were also higher (28.60 ± 7.71 vs. 25.86 ± 4.33; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in depression (p = 0.411) and anxiety (p = 0.242). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that mothers of children with developmental disabilities experience significantly poor sleep quality and higher stress levels compared to mothers of typically developing children, while differences in depression and anxiety were not statistically significant. Keywords: Anxiety, Caregivers, Developmental Disabilities, Depression, Mental Health, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Social Support, Stress.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: Caregivers
  topic: keywords
subject: Developmental Disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Depression
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Wake Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Adnan
creator: Ramma Inam
creator: Aisha Farid
creator: Aqsa Noor
creator: Nudrat Fatima
creator: Kashaf Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Adnan, Ramma Inam, Aisha Farid, Aqsa Noor, Nudrat Fatima, Kashaf Saleem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: ID 124
ending page: ID 124

Identifying the Most Susceptible Rotator Cuff Muscle in Amateur Boxers: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Rotator cuff injuries are prevalent in overhead and contact sports like boxing, where repetitive upper limb movements lead to overuse and trauma-related pathologies. Objective: To identify the most commonly affected rotator cuff muscle among amateur boxers using clinical functional assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 184 amateur boxers aged 18–30 years from UFC gyms and university sports departments in Lahore, Pakistan. Participants had at least two years of consistent boxing experience. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire was administered to assess shoulder pain and function. Physical assessments included the Drop Arm Test, Infraspinatus Test, Hornblower’s Sign, and Gerber’s Lift-Off Test, each targeting a specific rotator cuff muscle. Sensitivity and specificity of each test were considered. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS v25. Results: Out of 184 boxers, 152 were male (82.6%) and 32 female (17.4%), with a mean age of 22.98 ± 3.51 years. Supraspinatus was the most affected muscle, with 72 participants (39.1%) testing positive via Drop Arm Test. Infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor followed with 38.0%, 36.9%, and 26.1% involvement, respectively. Moderate to severe shoulder pain was reported by 77.2% of boxers. Conclusion: Supraspinatus tears are the most prevalent rotator cuff injury in amateur boxers, emphasizing the need for early screening, preventive rehabilitation, and shoulder-strengthening protocols in boxing training programs. Keywords: Athletic Injuries, Boxing, Pain Measurement, Physical Examination, Rotator Cuff Injuries, Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Shoulder Injuries, Shoulder Joint, Sports, Supraspinatus, Tears
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Athletic Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Boxing
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Examination
  topic: keywords
subject: Rotator Cuff Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Joint
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports
  topic: keywords
subject: Supraspinatus, Tears
  topic: keywords
creator: Azka Amjad
creator: Hira Shafiq
creator: Fatima Younas
creator: Muhammad Haroon Ur Rahman
creator: Muhammad Asim Arif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Azka Amjad, Hira Shafiq, Fatima Younas, Muhammad Haroon Ur Rahman, Muhammad Asim Arif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-03
publication date: 2025-05-03
starting page: ID 122
ending page: ID 122

Osteopathic Manual Therapy Versus Conventional Conservative Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders
type: item
description: Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, leading to pain, restricted jaw movement, and impaired quality of life. Conventional conservative therapies, including pharmacological management, physical therapy, and occlusal splints, are widely used but may not provide long-term relief. Osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) has gained attention as a complementary approach, focusing on musculoskeletal alignment, soft tissue release, and neuromuscular re-education to address the root causes of TMD. Objective: This short communication compares the effectiveness of OMT and conventional conservative therapies in TMD management, highlighting their respective benefits in pain relief, functional improvement, and patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative analysis of existing clinical evidence and treatment principles was conducted, examining the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of both approaches. OMT techniques such as myofascial release, balanced ligamentous tension, and craniosacral therapy were compared with pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and occlusal splints in terms of symptom relief, functional restoration, and long-term efficacy. Conclusion: Both OMT and conventional conservative therapies offer valuable options for TMD management. OMT may provide additional benefits by addressing underlying musculoskeletal dysfunctions and offering longer-lasting relief. Integrating OMT with conventional treatments could optimize therapeutic outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols. Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment, Myofascial Release, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, Physical Therapy Modalities, Pain Management, Musculoskeletal Manipulations
subject: Short Communication
  topic: section
subject: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Myofascial Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy Modalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Manipulations
  topic: keywords
creator: Shujaat Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SHUJAATRAHMAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 120
ending page: 120

Comparison of Hand Function and Grip Strength in Male and Female Hand Weavers
type: item
description: Background: Hand weaving is a labor-intensive occupation that demands prolonged repetitive hand use, predisposing workers to musculoskeletal strain and reduced grip strength. Gender differences in grip strength and hand function among weavers have not been comprehensively studied in South Asia. Objective: To compare hand grip strength and hand function between male and female hand weavers and to identify predictors of functional disability. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 377 participants (246 males, 131 females) recruited from vocational training institutes in Pakistan between November 2022 and February 2023. Eligible participants were aged 24–36 years, with ≥3 years of weaving experience and ≥5 working hours per day. Hand grip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and hand function was assessed using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Males exhibited significantly higher grip strength compared to females (38.4 ± 6.2 kg vs. 27.1 ± 5.8 kg, p < 0.001). Females reported higher disability with PRWE pain (24.6 ± 8.1 vs. 18.5 ± 7.3, p < 0.01), function (41.3 ± 13.2 vs. 32.7 ± 12.4, p < 0.01), and total score (65.9 ± 18.1 vs. 51.2 ± 16.5, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified gender as the strongest predictor of both outcomes, while higher BMI was associated with stronger grip and lower disability (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Male weavers demonstrated superior grip strength and functional outcomes compared to females, who showed greater exposure to musculoskeletal disability. Ergonomic interventions and preventive strategies are warranted to reduce occupational strain among hand weavers. Keywords: Ergonomics, Gender Differences, Hand Strength, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Occupational Health, Textile Industry, Weaving Industry.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Hand Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Textile Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Weaving Industry
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiran Fatima
creator: Fariha Javed
creator: Iqra Abdul Ghafoor
creator: Rubab Ashiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kiran Fatima, Fariha Javed, Iqra Abdul Ghafoor, Rubab Ashiq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-19
publication date: 2025-09-19
starting page: ID 103
ending page: ID 103

The Influence of Water Aerobics on Aerobic Capacity of Endurance Training Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Water aerobics is a low-impact, high-resistance form of exercise that has gained recognition for its potential benefits in endurance training. The buoyancy and resistance properties of water reduce joint stress while enhancing cardiovascular efficiency, making it a viable alternative to traditional land-based training for endurance athletes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an eight-week water aerobics intervention on the aerobic capacity of endurance-trained athletes using the 3-minute step test and the Cooper Run Test. Methods: A total of 30 male endurance athletes (mean age: 21.8 ± 2.35 years, BMI: 23.17 ± 3.77 kg/m²) were recruited through simple random sampling. Participants completed an eight-week water aerobics program, consisting of five sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes at 60–70% of their maximum heart rate. Pre- and post-intervention aerobic capacity was assessed using the 3-minute step test and Cooper Run Test. Paired sample t-tests were conducted using SPSS 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The 3-minute step test showed a significant reduction in post-exercise heart rate from 120.73 ± 9.55 bpm to 117.93 ± 9.37 bpm (p < 0.001). The Cooper Run Test distance significantly increased from 2290.00 ± 138.24 m to 2308.50 ± 138.75 m (p < 0.001). These findings indicated enhanced cardiovascular efficiency and endurance performance following water aerobics training. Conclusion: This study found that an eight-week water aerobics intervention significantly improved endurance athletes aerobic capacity, enhancing 3-minute step test and Cooper Run Test performance. Keywords: Aquatic Exercise, Athletes, Athletic Performance, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Exercise Therapy, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Physiological Adaptation, Exercise, Water Immersion.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Aquatic Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: Athletic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiorespiratory Fitness
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxygen Consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Endurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiological Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Immersion
  topic: keywords
creator: Samina Saif
creator: Basit Ali
creator: Muhammad Bilal Kamran
creator: Ayesha Rehman
creator: Zareef Sultana
creator: Aisha Sahar
creator: Ijaz Ahmed Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samina Saif, Basit Ali, Muhammad Bilal Kamran, Ayesha Rehman, Zareef Sultana, Aisha Sahar, Ijaz Ahmed Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-29
publication date: 2025-03-29
starting page: 112
ending page: 112

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Tailors in Saddar, Peshawar: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) pain are common among occupations requiring repetitive manual tasks and sustained postures, particularly in informal sectors such as tailoring. Objective: To determine the frequency and distribution of WMSDs pain among tailors in the Saddar area of Peshawar and assess associated occupational risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 313 male tailors aged 18–40 years using non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected through the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in both English and Urdu. Inclusion criteria required a work duration of 1–10 hours daily for six days weekly. Individuals with trauma, recent surgeries, or pregnancy were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square tests used to assess associations (p < 0.05). Results: Out of 313 participants, 267 (85.3%) reported WMSDs pain. The most affected body regions were the shoulder (14.7%), elbow (13.4%), and upper back (10.5%). Significant associations were found between WMSDs pain and working ≥8 hours/day, as well as sitting and cross-legged postures (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WMSDs pain is highly common among tailors in Peshawar, emphasizing the need for ergonomic interventions, early screening, and worker health awareness to reduce occupational strain. Keywords: Ergonomics, Informal Employment, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Occupational Health, Repetitive Strain Injury, Tailoring, Work-Related Disorders
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Informal Employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Repetitive Strain Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Tailoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-Related Disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahzad Ahmad
creator: Sadaf Aamir
creator: Farhad Gul
creator: Etisam Wahid
creator: Muhammad Sanan Khan
creator: Abbas Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shahzad Ahmad, Sadaf Aamir, Farhad Gul, Etisam Wahid, Muhammad Sanan Khan, Abbas Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-16
publication date: 2025-06-16
starting page: ID 104
ending page: ID 104

Utilization of Occupational Therapists in Mental Health Settings in Lahore, Pakistan
type: item
description: Background: Occupational therapists (OTs) play a vital role in multidisciplinary mental health teams worldwide, yet their utilization in low-resource contexts such as Pakistan remains poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the employment, awareness, and perceptions of occupational therapy in mental health facilities across Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted over three months among 41 mental health facilities selected through random sampling. Facilities serving neurological, psychological, and psychiatric conditions were included, excluding those limited to physical disabilities. Data were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire adapted from a U.S. study, with expert review. Structured interviews were conducted with administrators or designated spokespersons. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Occupational therapists were employed in only 8 of 10 pediatric facilities (80.0%) and in none of the 31 adult facilities (0.0%). Awareness of OT roles was limited (34.1%), and only 14.6% of facilities considered hiring OTs. Extended service domains such as program development (p < 0.05), staff training (p < 0.05), and case management (p < 0.01) were significantly more common in facilities employing OTs. Conclusion: The utilization of OTs in Lahore’s mental health facilities was minimal, restricted to pediatric services, and hindered by low awareness, overlapping professional roles, and lack of institutional support. Strengthening OT integration has important implications for improving functional rehabilitation and holistic patient care in Pakistan. Keywords: Adult Mental Health, Awareness, Case Management, Mental Health Facilities, Occupational Therapy, Pakistan, Pediatric Mental Health, Rehabilitation, Workforce Utilization.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Adult Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Case Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Facilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Lahore Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Workforce Utilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Nudrat Fatima
creator: Ramsha Khan
creator: Ramma Inam
creator: Muhammad Hussnain Maqsood
creator: Kashaf Saleem
creator: Madiha Maqsood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nudrat Fatima, Ramsha Khan, Ramma Inam, Muhammad Hussnain Maqsood, Kashaf Saleem, Madiha Maqsood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: ID 101
ending page: ID 101

Impact of Computer Vision Syndrome on the Quality of Life of Office Workers
type: item
description: Background: With the widespread use of digital devices in office settings, computer vision syndrome (CVS) has emerged as a common occupational health concern, potentially affecting workers' physical and mental well-being. Objective: To determine the impact of computer vision syndrome on the quality of life among office workers in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 office workers selected through purposive sampling. Participants aged 15–50 years, using computers for at least 6 hours daily for a minimum of six months, were included. Data were collected using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) and the SF-36 Health Survey. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Frequencies, percentages, means, and cross-tabulations were reported, and chi-square tests were applied to assess associations. Results: Among participants, 43.4% had severe CVS, 39.2% moderate, and 17.5% mild. Most reported poor physical functioning (99.4%) and limitations in role-physical domains (91.6%). Despite severe symptoms, 48.2% reported above-average mental health and 34.3% excellent emotional role functioning. Conclusion: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) significantly affects the physical health of office workers but has a comparatively lesser impact on mental and emotional domains. Ergonomic interventions and digital hygiene practices are essential to improve quality of life. Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Eye Strain, Occupational Health, Office Workers, Quality of Life, Visual Ergonomics.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Computer Vision Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Eye Strain
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Office Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
creator: Eliza Awais
creator: Samara Shaukat
creator: Iqra Ejaz
creator: Muhammad Abubaker Tariq
creator: Saboor Naveed
creator: Iqra Ikram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eliza Awais, Samara Shaukat, Iqra Ejaz, Muhammad Abubaker Tariq, Saboor Naveed, Iqra Ikram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-10
publication date: 2025-04-10
starting page: ID 100
ending page: ID 100

Association Between Sleep Pattern and Screen Time in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
type: item
description: Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition often accompanied by sleep disturbances and elevated screen exposure, both of which can negatively impact behavioral and emotional health. Objective: To determine the association between screen time and sleep patterns in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the PSRD Occupational Therapy Department. A total of 280 children aged 3–15 years with confirmed ASD diagnoses were included through non-probability sampling. Children with comorbidities or additional physical conditions were excluded. The Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), along with structured questions on screen use, was administered to parents after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Statistics including chi- square tests were used to examine associations, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 280 participants, 54.3% were male and 45.7% female. Most children used smartphones (58.2%), and screen use was highest in the evening (41.9%). A significant association was found between total screen time and sleep disturbances (χ2=96.055, p<0.001). Significant relationships were also observed for screen use duration on holidays (p<0.001) and weekdays (p=0.052), and time of day of screen use (p<0.001). Conclusion: Increased screen time was significantly associated with disturbed sleep patterns in children with ASD. Parental regulation of digital media use may mitigate sleep-related difficulties in this population. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Exposure to Media, Sleep, Sleep Disorders, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep Wake Disorders, Video Display Terminals.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Autism Spectrum Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: Exposure to Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Wake Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Video Display Terminals
  topic: keywords
creator: Aqsa Noor
creator: Ramma Inam
creator: Nudrat Fatima
creator: Kashaf Saleem
creator: Muhammad Adnan
creator: Madiha Maqsood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aqsa Noor, Ramma Inam, Nudrat Fatima, Kashaf Saleem, Muhammad Adnan, Madiha Maqsood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-25
publication date: 2025-03-25
starting page: ID 97
ending page: ID 97

Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Interns in Allied Health Sciences
type: item
description: Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and physiological symptoms, significantly impacting professional performance and quality of life. Interns in Allied Health Sciences (AHS) face high psychological stress due to workload, financial concerns, job insecurity, and disrupted sleep patterns, increasing their susceptibility to GAD. Objective: To determine the prevalence of GAD among AHS interns and assess the impact of socio- demographic factors on anxiety levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 AHS interns in hospitals and clinical setups in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including socio-demographic variables and the validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. The severity of GAD was categorized into minimal, mild, moderate, and severe. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with chi-square tests applied to assess associations (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among interns was 92 (41.8%), while 128 (58.2%) had no GAD. Among those affected, 18.6% experienced minimal anxiety, 39.5% mild anxiety, 33.2% moderate anxiety, and 8.6% severe anxiety. Significant associations were identified between GAD and various socio-demographic factors, including workload (p = 0.002), financial concerns (p < 0.001), job insecurity (p = 0.001), sleep deprivation (p < 0.001), accommodation (p = 0.016), and part-time work (p = 0.050). However, gender, marital status, and training duration did not show significant correlations. Conclusion: A high prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder was observed among AHS interns, with workload, financial stress, and job insecurity as major contributors. Institutional strategies are needed to mitigate anxiety and enhance mental well-being in future healthcare professionals. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Healthcare Per…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Anxiety Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Personnel
  topic: keywords
subject: Interns and Residents
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahnoor Ijaz
creator: Gul E Sehar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahnoor Ijaz, Gul-E-Sehar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-02-14
publication date: 2025-02-14
starting page: 50
ending page: 50

Clinical Spectrum and Frequency of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children with Down Syndrome at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology
type: item
description: Background: Children with Down’s syndrome are highly predisposed to congenital heart defects (CHDs), which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Early identification of these defects is crucial for effective management and improved survival outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of various congenital heart defects among children with Down’s syndrome presenting to a tertiary cardiology center. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Fifty eight phenotypically confirmed children with Down’s syndrome, aged from birth to 13 years, were included using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. After thorough clinical evaluation and history taking, all participants underwent transthoracic two dimensional echocardiography, and findings were recorded on a structured preforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and results were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: Congenital heart defects were detected in 29 out of 58 patients (50%), including 16 males and 13 females (male-to-female ratio 1.2:1). Acyanotic lesions were more prevalent (79.3%) than cyanotic lesions (20.7%). The most common isolated defects were ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and complete atrioventricular septal defect (each 20.7%), followed by atrial septal defect (3.4%) and pulmonary atresia (3.4%). Conclusion: Half of the children with Down’s syndrome in this study had congenital heart defects, most frequently acyanotic lesions such as ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and complete atrioventricular septal defect. Routine echocardiographic screening is essential for early detection and timely intervention. Keywords: Acyanotic heart disease, Atrioventricular septal defect, Congenital heart defects, Down syndrome, Echocardiography, Patent ductus arteriosus, Ventricular septal defect.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Acyanotic Heart Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Atrioventricular Septal Defect
  topic: keywords
subject: Congenital Heart Defects
  topic: keywords
subject: Down Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Echocardiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  topic: keywords
subject: Ventricular Septal Defect
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Usama
creator: Major Tahira Naseem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Usama, Major Tahira Naseem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: ID 15
ending page: ID 15

Prevalence of Migraine and Associated Disability Among Auto-Rickshaw Drivers in Lahore During Summer
type: item
description: Background: Migraine is a prevalent, disabling neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by sensory disturbances such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Occupational stress and environmental triggers significantly contribute to migraine prevalence, particularly in high-risk populations like auto-rickshaw drivers who are exposed to extreme environmental conditions during summers. Objective: To assess the prevalence of migraine and the extent of migraine-related disability among auto-rickshaw drivers in Lahore during the summer season. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 169 male auto-rickshaw drivers aged 18 years and above in Lahore. Participants were recruited using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, which included the ID Migraine™ screening tool, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) for disability evaluation. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25.0 with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of migraine was 18.9% (n=32). Among migraineurs, 59.4% experienced severe pain, 28.1% reported very severe pain, and 12.5% had moderate pain. Migraine-related disability was categorized as severe in 34.4%, moderate in 28.1%, mild in 15.6%, and little or no disability in 21.9% of cases. A positive family history of migraine was reported by 28.12% of migraineurs. Conclusion: Migraine is highly prevalent among auto-rickshaw drivers in Lahore during summers, with a significant proportion experiencing severe pain and disability. Occupational exposure to environmental stressors may exacerbate migraine prevalence and severity in this population.…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Automobile Driving
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Migraine Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Migraine Disability Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Measurement
  topic: keywords
creator: Momal Asif
creator: Fariha Khalid
creator: Zafar Ahmad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Momal Asif, Fariha Khalid, Zafar Ahmad Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-02-06
publication date: 2025-02-06
starting page: ID 20
ending page: ID 20

Prevalence and Patterns of Femoral Neck Fractures in Road Traffic Accident Patients
type: item
description: Background: Femoral neck fractures are a common and severe consequence of road traffic accidents (RTAs), leading to significant morbidity and disability. Understanding their prevalence, demographic distribution, and fracture patterns is essential for optimizing trauma management and prevention strategies. Objective: To determine the prevalence, demographic distribution, and fracture patterns of femoral neck fractures among road traffic accident (RTA) patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Avicenna Hospital, Lahore, from May to October 2024. A total of 130 RTA patients with radiologically confirmed femoral neck fractures were included using purposive sampling. Data on demographics, mode of injury, and fracture classification were collected. Plain radiography and computed tomography (CT) were utilized for diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 130 patients, 91 (70%) were male, and 39 (30%) were female. The highest prevalence was in the 20–40-year age group (67%). Intertrochanteric fractures were the most common (69.2%), followed by partial fractures (66.9%) and femoral stress fractures (65.4%). Motorcyclists and cyclists accounted for the majority of cases (44%). Conclusion: Femoral neck fractures were most prevalent in young male RTA victims, particularly motorcyclists and cyclists with intertrochanteric fractures being the most prevalent type of pattern. Early diagnosis and targeted prevention strategies are essential to reduce associated morbidity. Keywords: Epidemiology, Femoral Neck Fractures, Fractures, Computed Tomography, Hip Fractures, Morbidity, Orthopedic Trauma, Prevalence, Road Traffic Accident.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Femoral Neck Fractures
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractures
  topic: keywords
subject: Computed Tomography
  topic: keywords
subject: Hip Fractures
  topic: keywords
subject: Morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Orthopedic Trauma
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Road Traffic Accident
  topic: keywords
creator: Attia Batool
creator: Huma Fatima
creator: Sadaf Ayesha
creator: Ramisha Rehmat
creator: Baseerat Fatima
creator: Manahil Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Attia Batool, Huma Fatima , Sadaf Ayesha, Ramisha Rehmat, Baseerat Fatima, Manahil Saleem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-02-10
publication date: 2025-02-10
starting page: 18
ending page: 18

Sonographic Association Between Body Mass Index and Anterior Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Anterior abdominal wall hernias are a common surgical condition with significant morbidity, affecting approximately 4–5% of the global population. Increased body mass index (BMI) is hypothesized to contribute to hernia formation by elevating intra-abdominal pressure and weakening the abdominal wall. Despite its clinical importance, limited research has explored the general association between BMI and all types of anterior abdominal wall hernias. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and the occurrence of anterior abdominal wall hernias using sonographic assessment in a hospital-based population. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Chughtai Medical Centre, Lahore, from March to September 2024. A total of 200 patients undergoing abdominal ultrasound were enrolled using a convenience sampling method. BMI was categorized into obese (>30 kg/m2) and non-obese (≤30 kg/m2). High-resolution ultrasound (Toshiba Aplio 300, 7–12 MHz linear probe) was used for hernia detection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square tests applied for statistical associations. Results: Among 200 participants (mean age 52.36 ± 15.81 years, mean BMI 29.13 ± 4.49 kg/m2), 24 (12.0%) had anterior abdominal wall hernias. Paraumbilical hernias were most common (13 cases, 6.5%), followed by umbilical (6 cases, 3.0%), incisional (3 cases, 1.5%), and epigastric (2 cases, 1.0%). Hernia prevalence was higher in obese individuals (9.3% vs. 6.5%) and females (14.1% vs. 7.7%), but associations were not statistically significant (p = 0.6087, p = 0.1944, respectively). Conclusion: Increased BMI and advancing age were associated with a higher prevalence of anterior abdominal wall hernias, though statistical significance was not established. Sonographic evaluation remains an essential tool for accurate hernia diagnosis, particularly in obese individuals. Keywords: Abdominal Wall, Abdominal Wall Hernia,…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Abdominal Wall
  topic: keywords
subject: Abdominal Wall Hernia
  topic: keywords
subject: Body Mass Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Hernia
  topic: keywords
subject: Obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: Sonography
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultrasonography
  topic: keywords
creator: Babar Ali
creator: Muhammad Umar
creator: Rashad Ali
creator: Aqsa Aslam
creator: Tayyaba Shafiq
creator: Laraib Fatima
creator: Eisha Riaz
creator: Amtul Kafi
creator: Javeria Nawab
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Babar Ali, Muhammad Umar, Rashad Ali , Aqsa Aslam, Tayyaba Shafiq , Laraib Fatima, Eisha Riaz, Amtul Kafi, Javeria Nawab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-02-09
publication date: 2025-02-09
starting page: 17
ending page: 17

Public's Knowledge of Renal Failure and its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Kidney failure, encompassing acute and chronic conditions, poses significant public health challenges globally, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Limited public awareness and knowledge of its risk factors, symptoms, and treatments hinder early detection and effective management. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the public's knowledge of renal failure and its associated risk factors in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2024, involving 430 participants selected through convenience sampling. A structured, validated electronic questionnaire assessed socio-demographics, general knowledge, awareness of risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Out of 422 valid responses, 81.8% of participants demonstrated moderate knowledge of kidney failure, while 18.2% had no knowledge. Awareness of risk factors was reported by 77.3%, with diabetes (54.7%) and NSAIDs (51.4%) most commonly identified. Knowledge of treatment options was reported by 79.4%, though only 25.4% and 37.2% recognized dialysis and kidney transplants, respectively. Education, age, and urban residence significantly influenced awareness levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study identified notable gaps in knowledge about kidney failure and its associated factors among Sialkot population. Tailored educational interventions and public health strategies are essential to address these gaps and promote early detection. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Dialysis, Health awareness, Kidney failure, Kidney transplant, Public knowledge, Renal failure.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Chronic kidney disease
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subject: Dialysis
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subject: Health awareness
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subject: Kidney failure
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subject: Kidney transplant
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subject: Public knowledge
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subject: Renal failure
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creator: Zahra Batool
creator: Saba Khanum
creator: Fatima Afzal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 16
ending page: 16

Assessing the Impact of Stair Climbing Exercise on Endurance Performance in Athletes
type: item
description: Background: This study explores the impact of stair climbing exercise on endurance performance in athletes. It provides evidence for stair climbing as a potential endurance training modality. Objectives: To investigate the impact of stair climbing program on endurance performance in endurance athletes. Methods: A quasi-experimental study involving 30 endurance athletes was conducted, with participants assigned to an intervention group that completed an 8-week stair climbing program. Baseline data, including demographics and initial fitness levels, were collected using the 3-minute step test and Cooper run test. After the intervention, fitness levels were reassessed, and paired t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements. The 3-minute step test mean performance improved from 120.73 (SD = 9.548) to 116.77 (SD = 9.383) (t(29) = 16.076, p < .000). Cooper run test mean distance increased from 2290.00 meters (SD = 138.240) to 2369.83 meters (SD = 137.028) (t(29) = -15.256, p < .000). Conclusion: Stair climbing exercise effectively enhances endurance performance in athletes, as evidenced by significant improvements in the 3-minute step test and Cooper run test. This highlights its potential as a valuable addition to endurance training programs. Keywords: Aerobic capacity, Endurance training, Exercise Therapy, Exercise Test, Fitness assessment, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Stair climbing
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Aerobic capacity
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subject: Endurance training
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subject: Exercise Therapy
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subject: Exercise Test
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subject: Fitness assessment
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subject: Oxygen Consumption
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subject: Physical Endurance
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subject: Stair climbing
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creator: Basit Ali
creator: Anam Ullah
creator: Maria Rasool
creator: Samina Saif
creator: Mufeez Alam
creator: Nasir U din
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-22
publication date: 2024-12-22
starting page: 14
ending page: 14

Prevalence of Forward Head Posture among School Children Using Smartphones in Rawalpindi
type: item
description: Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a postural dysfunction characterized by the anterior displacement of the head relative to the vertical midline. The increasing use of smartphones has been implicated in the rising prevalence of FHP among schoolchildren. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of forward head posture among school going children in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and to assess its association with smartphone usage patterns. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in private schools in Rawalpindi from September 2023 to March 2024. A total of 270 participants, aged 10–15 years, were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) was measured using Kinovea software for forward head posture measurement after marking the C7 vertebra and capturing lateral-view images. Smartphone usage patterns were assessed through a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with results presented as frequencies, percentages, and mean ± SD. Results: The prevalence of forward head posture (CVA < 48°) was 88.5% (n=239), with males (88.5%) and females (88.6%) equally affected. Most participants (73%) used smartphones more than five days per week, and 91.5% had over two years of usage history. Conclusion: Forward head posture was highly prevalent among school children in Rawalpindi, strongly associated with prolonged smartphone use. Interventions targeting posture education are urgently needed. Keywords: Cervical Vertebrae, Craniovertebral Angle, Forward Head Posture, Mobile Phones, Posture, School Children, Smartphone Usage
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cervical Vertebrae
  topic: keywords
subject: Craniovertebral Angle
  topic: keywords
subject: Forward Head Posture
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subject: Mobile Phones
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subject: Posture
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subject: School Children
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subject: Smartphone Usage
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creator: Hanna Zehra
creator: Aimen Tariq
creator: Ayesha Jamil Raja
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 12
ending page: 12

Exploring the Impact of Cross-Leg Sitting on Hip Mobility in University Students
type: item
description: Background: Cross-legged sitting is a common posture, particularly among students, which may influence hip mobility. Prolonged sitting in this posture can affect hip joint movements, particularly internal and external rotation, as well as flexion and extension. The impact of this posture on hip mobility and range of motion remains underexplored. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of prolonged cross-legged sitting on hip mobility in university students, specifically examining changes in hip range of motion (ROM) including internal rotation, and external rotation. Methods: A total of 503 students from Government College University Faisalabad were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were required to sit on wooden or plastic chairs without padded cushions, and their daily sitting duration in the cross-legged position was recorded. Hip range of motion (ROM) was measured using a goniometer, and a self-made questionnaire was validated through a pilot study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The majority of individuals exhibit reduced hip mobility in both internal and external rotations, with most falling into the 30-50 Moderate, Mild, Severe category. For right internal rotation, 96.22% show decreased mobility, while right external rotation has 82.71% in the same category. Similarly, left internal rotation and left external rotation show 60.68% and 49.70% in reduced mobility, respectively. Chi square test demonstrated significant associations, highlighting that cross-leg sitting is linked to reduced hip mobility in both internal and external rotations of the right and left hips. Conclusion: Prolonged cross-legged sitting negatively impacts hip mobility, especially hip internal rotation. Interventions to promote proper sitting posture are essential for maintaining hip joint health. Keywords: Cross Leg Syndrome, Flexibility, Hip Joint, Joint Mobility, Posture, Range of Motion, Sitting
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cross Leg Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Flexibility
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subject: Hip Joint
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subject: Joint Mobility
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subject: Posture
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subject: Range of Motion
  topic: keywords
subject: Sitting
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creator: Samraiz Mughal
creator: Zainab Rehman
creator: Zareen Afzal
creator: Hira Younas
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 11
ending page: 11

Impact of Physical and Mental Health in Patients With Facial Palsy
type: item
description: Background: Facial palsy, resulting from facial nerve (CN-VII) damage, profoundly affects physical and mental health. Patients often experience functional challenges in eating, drinking, and speaking, coupled with psychological issues such as anxiety and depression stemming from altered facial muscle function. Objectives: To evaluate the interrelationship between physical and mental health outcomes, specifically anxiety and depression, in patients with facial palsy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 participants (38 men, 35 women; mean age: 57.10 ± 6.72 years) experiencing facial palsy for an average of 4.19 ± 1.56 months. Physical impairment was measured using the Facial Disability Index (FDI), while anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Pearson correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationships between physical and mental health indicators. Results: Among patients, 45 (61.6%) had left-sided palsy and 28 (38.4%) had right-sided palsy. HADS scores indicated that 5.5% were normal, 63% borderline abnormal, and 31.5% abnormal for anxiety and depression. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between FDI and HADS depression (r=0.231, p=0.04) and FDI and HADS anxiety (r=0.231, p=0.04). Conclusion: The findings of this study underscored the profound interplay between physical and mental health in patients with facial palsy, emphasizing the need for patient-centered, multidisciplinary care. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Facial Disability Index, Facial nerve damage, Facial palsy, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Mental health, Physical impairment, Quality of life.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: Depression
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subject: Facial Disability Index
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subject: Facial nerve damage
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subject: Facial palsy
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subject: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
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subject: Mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical impairment
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subject: Quality of life
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creator: Laraib Zahid Gillani
creator: Zafar Ahmad khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-21
publication date: 2024-12-21
starting page: 10
ending page: 10

Assessment of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital for Routine Medical Check-Up
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description: Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Identifying risk factors in individuals undergoing routine medical check-ups is vital for early intervention. Objective: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases using a validated Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire (CVRAQ) among individuals visiting a tertiary care hospital for routine medical check-ups. Methods: A non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed. The study design was cross-sectional observational. The study included 185 individuals, both male and female. Participants were selected from a Tertiary Care Hospital. The age range of individuals was from 30 years onwards. Undiagnosed individuals were recruited who visited OPD for routine medical checkup. Risk factors were assessed using CVRAQ. Individuals with total CVRAQ score in term of mean: of -88 to 100 was categorized as low risk, 101 to 220 as moderate risk, 221 to 350 as high risk, and > 350 as very high risk. Results: Out of 185 individuals, males were 80 (28.8%) and females were 105(37.8%) with mean age of individuals was 51.71. CVRAQ mean value was greater than 350 (788.09 ±8.644) so individuals were categorized as very high risk of CVD. The frequency distribution of most common risk factors observed in the study population was: Poor lifestyle 150 (81.1%), High lipids 159 (85.9%), High stress level 162 (87.6%). Conclusion: The study showed that individuals who visit the hospital for routine medical check- ups have very high risk of cardiovascular diseases which is commonly seen in individuals having a cardiac family history, smokers, and abnormal levels of various risk factors. Most common risk factors observed in the study population were poor lifestyle, high lipids and high stress level. Keywords: Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire, Tertiary Care, Health Check-up, Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, C…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cardiovascular Disease
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subject: Coronary Heart Disease
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subject: Myocardial Infarction
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subject: Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire
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subject: Risk Factors
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subject: Tertiary Care
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subject: Health Check-up
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subject: Preventive Medicine
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creator: Maryam Altaf
creator: Haider Khan
creator: Sana Altaf
creator: Ahsan Taqweem
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

Awareness of Biomedical Waste Management among Medical and Paramedical Students in Faisalabad
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description: Background: Biomedical waste, generated during diagnosis, treatment, and research, poses significant risks to environmental and human health if improperly managed. Objective: This study assessed biomedical waste management awareness among medical and paramedical students in Faisalabad institutes. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted in private and public institutes in Faisalabad, including 195 students. A modified WHO questionnaire was used, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, incorporating descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among 195 participants (69% male, 31% female; mean age 23.28±3.09), 89% of paramedical students had knowledge of the color-coded waste management system, compared to 54% of medical students. Additionally, 90% of paramedical students practiced waste segregation by color, versus 42% of medical students. While 42% of medical students reported adequate knowledge of color codes, 74% of paramedical students reported sufficient knowledge. No significant association was found between year of study and knowledge levels. Conclusion: Paramedical students demonstrated higher knowledge and better practices in biomedical waste management than medical students, especially in public institutions. Increased training on waste segregation protocols is essential to improve knowledge and compliance among students. Keywords: Biomedical waste management, Color coding, Healthcare waste, Paramedical students, Medical students, Waste segregation, Paramedics
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Biomedical waste
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
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subject: Management
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subject: Healthcare waste
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subject: Biomedical waste management
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subject: Color coding
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subject: Paramedical students
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subject: Medical students
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subject: Waste segregation
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subject: Paramedics
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creator: Muhammad Umer Shabbir
creator: Rafia Ather
creator: Zain Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5