Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
type: channel
description: Welcome to Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (JMHRS) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed quarterly journal published by Circle Rehab and Research Center (SMC Pvt. Ltd.). JMHRS provides a global platform for cutting-edge research and innovation in health, medical sciences, and rehabilitation. Our mission is to advance evidence-based practices, bridge the gap between research and clinical application, and promote knowledge that enhances recovery, quality of life, and human well-being. ABOUT THE JOURNAL Title: Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Journal Abbreviation: J. Mod. Health Rehabil. Sci. Frequency: Quarterly Managed and Published by: Circle Rehab and Research Center (SMC Pvt. Ltd.) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan ISSN no: 3079-0727 (Print) | 3079-0735 (Online) DOI prefix: 10.67108 TYPES OF MANUSCRIPTS ACCEPTED The journal accepts:- (a) Guest Editorials on important subjects of current interest, (b) Original Articles, (c) Review Articles (Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis), (d) Case Reports, (e) Case Studies (f) Short Communications (g) Letters to the Editor
publisher: Circle Rehab and Research Center
language: en
publication name: Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
issn: 3079-0727
copyright: Copyright ©. Authors retain copyright and grant publishing rights to Journal of Modern Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (JMHRS).
items: Turning Ideas into Impact: A Practical Guide for Students and Early-Career Researchers
items: Prolonged Sitting, Cross-Legged Posture and Piriformis Syndrome in University-Aged Students: Evidence of Association from a Cross-Sectional Study
items: Prevalence of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Postpartum Women
items: Effect of a Supervised Multicomponent Balance, Resistance, Aerobic, and Cognitive Exercise Program on Mobility in Older Adults with Risk of fall
items: Association of Socio-Emotional Competency and Self-Efficacy: A Cross Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
items: Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Profile and blaOXA-23 Sequence Analysis in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
items: Perception of Patients on Rehabilitation Practices after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
items: Prevalence of Kyphotic Posture and its Association with Sitting Hours among Computer Users
items: Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among University Students: A Qualitative Approach
items: Lack of Expert Research Mentorship and Publication Culture among Undergraduate Physical Therapy Programs in Pakistan
items: Frequency of Neck Pain Along with Postural Deviation and Thumb Pain Among Smartphone Users in Engineering Universities
items: Comparative Effects of Fascial Distortion Model and Foam Rolling on Pain, Calf Flexibility and Ankle Range of Motion Among High Heel Users: A Randomized Clinical Trial
items: Correlation of Screen Time with Neck Pain, Sleep Quality, and Stress among University Students
items: Enhancing Mental Flow and Reflex Respense Through Muscle Memory Training in Boxing and Badminton Athletes
items: Correlation of Maximal Respiratory Pressures with Pulmonary Function in Post-COVID-19 Patients
items: Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Caregivers of Children with Disabilities
items: Identifying the Most Susceptible Rotator Cuff Muscle in Amateur Boxers: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Osteopathic Manual Therapy Versus Conventional Conservative Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders
items: Comparison of Hand Function and Grip Strength in Male and Female Hand Weavers
items: The Influence of Water Aerobics on Aerobic Capacity of Endurance Training Athletes
items: Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Tailors in Saddar, Peshawar: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Utilization of Occupational Therapists in Mental Health Settings in Lahore, Pakistan
items: Impact of Computer Vision Syndrome on the Quality of Life of Office Workers
items: Association Between Sleep Pattern and Screen Time in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
items: Frequency of De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis among Instrumental Musicians of Lahore and its Impact on Activities of Daily Living
items: Association of Urinary Incontinence, Perceived Stress, and Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
items: Association of Cognitive Impairment with Hypertension and Perceived Stress among Older Adults
items: Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Interns in Allied Health Sciences
items: Clinical Spectrum and Frequency of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children with Down Syndrome at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology
items: Frequency of Shoulder Pain and Its Association with Low Back Pain among Street Vendors

Turning Ideas into Impact: A Practical Guide for Students and Early-Career Researchers
type: item
description: Background: Research is a fundamental component of scientific advancement, yet many students and early-career researchers face challenges in transforming ideas into publishable work due to limited training, methodological gaps, and increasing academic pressure. Objective: To provide a practical and structured roadmap for converting research ideas into impactful scientific publications. Methods: This editorial synthesizes key stages of the research process, including idea generation, identification of literature gaps, development of research objectives, selection of appropriate study design, data collection and analysis, ethical considerations, manuscript writing using the IMRaD format, and journal selection. Emphasis is placed on practical guidance, methodological rigor, and adherence to publication standards. Results: Effective research requires a well-defined and feasible idea aligned with available resources. Identification of literature gaps strengthens research rationale, while appropriate methodology and statistical analysis improve validity. Ethical compliance, structured writing, and proper journal selection enhance publication success. Lack of training, poor methodology, and non-adherence to guidelines remain major barriers to publication. Conclusion: A systematic, disciplined approach is essential for successful research dissemination. Institutional support through training and mentorship can significantly enhance research quality, integrity, and impact among emerging researchers. Keywords: Academic Writing, Early Career Researchers, Manuscript Writing, Research Methodology, Research Training, Scientific Publication
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Academic Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Career Researchers
  topic: keywords
subject: Manuscript Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: Research Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Research Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific Publication
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: ID 207
ending page: ID 207
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs207

Prolonged Sitting, Cross-Legged Posture and Piriformis Syndrome in University-Aged Students: Evidence of Association from a Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Piriformis syndrome is an under-recognized neuromuscular condition associated with sciatic nerve irritation, often linked to prolonged sitting and poor posture among young adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of piriformis syndrome and its association with sitting duration and cross-legged posture among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2024 among 198 students aged 18–26 years from multiple institutions in Swat, Pakistan. Participants were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, the FAIR test for clinical diagnosis, and the Visual Analogue Scale for pain assessment. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, applying descriptive statistics and relationships between piriformis syndrome, the length of time spent sitting, and sitting posture were examined through cross-tabulations. Results: The mean age was 20.8±2.2 years, with 66.2% females. The prevalence of piriformis syndrome was 61.6% (95% CI: 54.7–68.3). Higher prevalence was observed in females (32.9%) than males (18.7%). Sitting >1 hour showed higher positivity (77.8%), while cross-legged posture was reported by 80.8% and strongly associated with symptoms. Moderate-to-severe pain (VAS 6–10) was reported by 77.7%. Conclusion: Increased Piriformis syndrome was highly prevalent and significantly associated with prolonged sitting and cross-legged posture, highlighting the need for ergonomic and preventive interventions in university settings. Keywords: Cross-legged sitting, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Pain, Piriformis Muscle Syndrome, Prolonged sitting, Posture, Sedentary Behavior
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cross-legged sitting
  topic: keywords
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Piriformis Muscle Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Prolonged sitting
  topic: keywords
subject: Posture
  topic: keywords
subject: Sedentary Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Sanan Khan
creator: Etisam Wahid
creator: Shahzad Ahmad
creator: Raja Haseeb Abid`
creator: Shaheen Abdullah
creator: Shahid Khan
creator: Azlan Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sanan Khan, Etisam Wahid, Shahzad Ahmad, Raja Haseeb Abid, Shaheen Abdullah, Shahid Khan, Azlan Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: ID 199
ending page: ID 199
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs199

Prevalence of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Postpartum Women
type: item
description: Background: Pregnancy related biomechanical and hormonal changes predispose women to sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction, a significant contributor to postpartum low back and pelvic girdle pain. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction among postpartum women in tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 postpartum women (18–45 years) within 3–7 days after delivery. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale. SIJ dysfunction was assessed using five provocation tests (P4, FABER, March, Gaenslen’s, Compression), with diagnosis confirmed when ≥3 tests were positive. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS-25. Results: The prevalence of SIJ dysfunction was 51.2%. Low back pain was reported before (44.1%), during (75.7%), and after pregnancy (77.7%). The most positive tests were FABER (59.9%), Gaenslen’s (56.9%), and March test (52.5%), while Compression test (34.2%) was least positive. Pain was predominantly dull (55.9%), with gradual onset (53.5%), and radiating pain in 35.1%. Cesarean delivery accounted for 76.2% of cases. Conclusion: Increased SIJ dysfunction is highly prevalent in early postpartum women, emphasizing the need for routine screening and early physiotherapy interventions to prevent chronic disability. Keywords: Cesarean Section, Low Back Pain, Pelvic Girdle Pain, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction, Visual Analog Scale.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Cesarean Section
  topic: keywords
subject: Low Back Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Pelvic Girdle Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Postpartum Period
  topic: keywords
subject: Pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Analog Scale
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahroze Tauseef
creator: Arooj Asif
creator: Humna Ashraf
creator: Rabbia Khan
creator: Nimra Siddiq
creator: Muneeba Mobeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mahroze Tauseef, Arooj Asif, Humna Ashraf, Rabbia Khan, Nimra Siddiq, Muneeba Mobeen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
starting page: ID 200
ending page: ID 200
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs200

Effect of a Supervised Multicomponent Balance, Resistance, Aerobic, and Cognitive Exercise Program on Mobility in Older Adults with Risk of fall
type: item
description: Background: Falls are a major cause of morbidity, disability, and loss of independence among older adults. Multicomponent exercise interventions have shown promise in improving balance and mobility while reducing fall risk. Objective: To compare the effects of a supervised Balance, Resistance, Aerobic, and Cognitive Exercise (BRACE) program with conventional home-based therapy on balance, mobility, cognitive function, and fall risk in older adults at moderate risk of falls. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at District Headquarter Hospital, Chakwal, Pakistan, from July to December 2018. Forty participants aged 60–80 years with Berg Balance Scale scores of 20–40 were randomly allocated to either a supervised BRACE group (n=20) or a conventional therapy group (n=20). The supervised group received structured multicomponent exercise for 12 weeks, whereas the control group performed home-based balance and resistance exercises. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks using the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Elderly Mobility Scale, and Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. Results: Thirty-four participants completed the study (18 supervised BRACE; 16 conventional therapy). After 12 weeks, the supervised BRACE group demonstrated significantly better outcomes than the conventional therapy group for Berg Balance Scale (51.70±1.74 vs. 40.06±4.42), Timed Up and Go (10.92±2.49 vs. 15.22±1.94 seconds), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (82.70±7.22 vs. 67.69±11.92), Elderly Mobility Scale (19.39±1.03 vs. 16.19±1.79), and Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (34.28±2.16 vs. 23.25±5.87) (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Supervised multicomponent BRACE training was more effective than conventional home-based therapy in improving balance, mobility, and reducing fall risk among older adults. Keywords: Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Balance, Cognitive Trainin…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Activities of Daily Living
  topic: keywords
subject: Aged
  topic: keywords
subject: Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Falls
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobility Limitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Postural Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Resistance Training
  topic: keywords
creator: Umm e Habiba
creator: Maham Malik
creator: Arshad Nawaz Malik
creator: Sadia Waqas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Umm e Habiba, Maham Malik, Arshad Nawaz Malik, Sadia Waqas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: ID 189
ending page: ID 189
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs189

Association of Socio-Emotional Competency and Self-Efficacy: A Cross Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
type: item
description: Background: Socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy are essential determinants of nursing students’ personal development, clinical performance, and ability to adapt to professional challenges. Understanding their association can guide educational strategies aimed at improving emotional regulation, confidence, and academic success. Objective: To determine the association between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students in Hayatabad, Peshawar. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025 across three nursing institutions: Khyber Medical University Institute of Nursing Sciences, Northwest College of Nursing, and Pak International Nursing College. Using convenient random sampling, 215 students from the 2nd to 8th semesters were included, while 1st semester students were excluded. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire comprising the 25 item socio-emotional Competence Scale (Cronbach α = 0.95) and the 10 item General Self-Efficacy Scale (Cronbach α = 0.88). Scores were categorized as high or low based on the median, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 with chi square and Pearson correlation test. Results: The sample included 54.9% males and 45.1% females. The mean socio-emotional competence score was 78.45 (SD = 8.35) and the mean self-efficacy score was 32.49 (SD = 4.14). A significant positive correlation was found between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy (r = 0.561, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that higher socio-emotional competence is significantly associated with higher self-efficacy among nursing students, indicating that emotional and social skills are vital for confidence and effective academic and clinical functioning. Keywords: Academic Performance, Nursing Education, Self-Efficacy, Socio-Emotional Competence, Undergraduate Nursing Students.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Nursing Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Emotional Competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Undergraduate Nursing Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Afnan Ullaha
creator: Shakeela Shakeela
creator: Fawad Ali Mian
creator: Sanaullah Sanaullah
creator: Saifullah Khan
creator: Ikram ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Afnan Ullaha, Shakeela, Fawad Ali Mian, Sanaullah, Saifullah Khan, Ikram ullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: ID 187
ending page: ID 187
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs187

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Profile and blaOXA-23 Sequence Analysis in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
type: item
description: Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of healthcare associated infections, particularly in intensive care units, and exhibits extensive resistance to multiple antibiotic classes including carbapenems. Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm formation, and prevalence of the blaOXA-23 gene among A. baumannii isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 150 clinical specimens (pus, sputum, and blood) were collected from the surgical ICU over a three month period. Isolates were identified using API-20E, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Sanger sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI (2023) standards. Biofilm formation was quantified using the microtiter plate assay. Detection and sequence analysis of blaOXA-23 were conducted through PCR amplification and phylogenetic comparison with regional strains. Results: Out of 150 samples, 50 (33.3%) yielded A. baumannii. Twenty isolates (40%) demonstrated biofilm formation, and 19/20 (95%) of these carried blaOXA-23. Overall, blaOXA-23 was present in 19/50 (38%) isolates. Complete resistance (100%) was observed to meropenem and cephradine, while imipenem and amikacin resistance reached 75%. One XDR isolate harboring blaOXA-23 showed 96–98% genetic similarity with regional sequences. Conclusion: The high frequency of blaOXA-23 among biofilm-forming A. baumannii isolates underscores an alarming trend in carbapenem resistance and necessitates stringent infection control practices and antibiotic stewardship in tertiary care settings. Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, blaOXA-23, Biofilm, Carbapenem Resistance.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial Susceptibility
  topic: keywords
subject: blaOXA-23
  topic: keywords
subject: Biofilm
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbapenem Resistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Mubbara Babar
creator: Mirza Muhammad Suleman
creator: Naureen Zahra
creator: Huma Naveed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mubbara Babar, Mirza Muhammad Suleman, Naureen Zahra , Huma Naveed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-12
publication date: 2025-11-12
starting page: ID 186
ending page: ID 186
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs186

Perception of Patients on Rehabilitation Practices after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
type: item
description: Background: Rehabilitation after hip and knee arthroplasty is essential for restoring mobility, function, and quality of life. Patients’ perceptions of these rehabilitation practices significantly influence adherence, satisfaction, and overall recovery outcomes. Objective: The study aimed to explore patients perceptions of rehabilitation practices following hip and knee arthroplasty procedures. Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological, and exploratory design was adopted. Data were collected through in depth, face to face interviews using a self-developed questionnaire. Six participants undergoing rehabilitation after hip or knee arthroplasty were recruited from Pakistan Railways Hospital, Rawalpindi. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti 8 software. Through systematic coding, one overarching theme patient satisfaction and four subthemes were identified: physiotherapist behavior and counseling, adherence to a structured rehabilitation protocol, addressing patients’ concerns, and overall rehabilitation experience. Results: Participants expressed a high degree of satisfaction and psychological dependence on their physiotherapists. Those who underwent hip arthroplasty reported slightly higher satisfaction compared to knee arthroplasty patients. Despite positive perceptions, issues such as inconsistent communication, care coordination gaps, and varying therapist attitudes were highlighted as areas needing improvement. Conclusion: Patients perceptions of rehabilitation following total hip and knee arthroplasty revealed that communication, therapist empathy, patient engagement, social support, and perceived recovery barriers shape their overall rehabilitation experience. Integrating these insights into physiotherapy protocols can enhance patient centered care, improve adherence, and promote better postoperative outcomes. Keywords: Arthroplasty, Perception, Physiotherapy, Postoperative Period, Rehabilitation.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Arthroplasty
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Postoperative Period
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Um e Habiba
creator: Sidra Asghar
creator: Jassia Ramzan Malik
creator: Kaynat Mehrban
creator: Ayesha Sadiqqa
creator: Amreen Shabir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Um e Habiba , Sidra Asghar, Jassia Ramzan Malik, Kaynat Mehrban, Ayesha Sadiqqa, Amreen Shabir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: ID 184
ending page: ID 184
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs184

Prevalence of Kyphotic Posture and its Association with Sitting Hours among Computer Users
type: item
description: Background: Prolonged sitting and computer based occupational activities have been increasingly associated with postural abnormalities and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Kyphotic posture is a common spinal deviation that may develop due to sustained sedentary behavior and poor ergonomic practices. Objective: To determine the prevalence of kyphotic posture among computer users and evaluate its association with sitting duration in information technology professionals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 computer users aged 20–50 years working in the IT sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi between March and May 2024. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Occiput-to-Wall Distance (OWD) test. Kyphotic posture was categorized as normal, mild, moderate, or severe based on OWD measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Spearman correlation was applied to assess the relationship between sitting duration and kyphotic severity. Results: Out of 377 participants, 289 (76.7%) were male and 88 (23.3%) were female, with a mean age of 30.49 ± 8.1 years. Kyphotic posture prevalence was 87.0%, including mild (32.4%), moderate (45.9%), and severe (8.8%) categories, while only 13.0% demonstrated normal posture. Most participants reported sitting for 6–10 hours daily. A statistically significant association was identified between sitting duration and kyphotic severity (p = 0.032). Conclusion: Kyphotic posture was highly prevalent among computer users and demonstrated a significant association with prolonged sitting duration. Keywords: Computer Users, Ergonomics, Information Technology Workers, Kyphosis, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Sedentary Behavior, Sitting Duration.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Computer Users
  topic: keywords
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Information Technology Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Kyphosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Sedentary Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Sitting Duration
  topic: keywords
creator: Faiza Fatima
creator: Sara Marium
creator: Ayesha Basit
creator: Zoya Jamshaid
creator: Huda Anjum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Faiza Fatima, Sara Marium, Ayesha Basit, Zoya Jamshaid, Huda Anjum (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: ID 181
ending page: ID 181
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs181

Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among University Students: A Qualitative Approach
type: item
description: Background: Regular physical activity is essential for preventing chronic diseases and maintaining musculoskeletal and metabolic health; however, university students frequently develop sedentary habits due to academic demands, prolonged screen time, and limited opportunities for structured exercise. Objective: To identify and quantify barriers preventing regular exercise among university students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 673 university students (362 females and 311 males) from four universities in Faisalabad, Pakistan, selected using simple random sampling. Eligible participants were those who did not engage in regular exercise. Data were collected using a demographic form and a validated, customized Barriers to Exercise Participation questionnaire. Ethical standards were maintained through informed consent and strict confidentiality. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics and chi square tests to examine gender based associations. Results: The most prominent barriers included exhaustion after academic or work related activities (39.8 percent very likely), lack of time (28.2 percent very likely), and insufficient motivation (12.5 percent very likely). Social influences, such as inactive friends and family members (72.7 percent somewhat likely), as well as structural constraints like lack of facilities (39.8 percent very likely) and financial limitations (39.8 percent very likely), also contributed. A significant association between gender and overall perceived barriers was observed (p = 0.000). Conclusion: University students encountered multiple personal, social, and environmental barriers to regular physical activity, with clear gender specific differences. Strengthening institutional support and developing targeted health promotion strategies may improve exercise participation and support long term student wellbeing. Keywords: Barriers, Exercise Participation, Gender Differences, Phys…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Activity
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Samraiz Mughal
creator: Hooria Tayyab
creator: Hira Younas
creator: Ansa Ijaz``
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samraiz Mughal, Hooria Tayyab, Hira Younas, Ansa Ijaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27
starting page: ID 180
ending page: ID 180
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs180

Lack of Expert Research Mentorship and Publication Culture among Undergraduate Physical Therapy Programs in Pakistan
type: item
description: Dear Editor, I wish to bring attention to a glaring void in the undergraduate physical therapy education system in Pakistan; the absence of structured research mentorship and a stagnant culture of scientific publication among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. While research projects or theses are formally required components of the curriculum, the actual implementation of research training is fragmented, superficial, and in many institutions, purely procedural. In an era where evidence-based practice (EBP) defines clinical excellence and professional credibility, the inability of our students to conduct meaningful research, engage in critical thinking, or contribute to scientific literature places our profession at a serious disadvantage both locally and internationally.
subject: Letter to Editor
  topic: section
subject: Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Mentorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Publication
  topic: keywords
subject: Lack of Research Experts
  topic: keywords
subject: Undergraduate Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Doctor of Physical Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Etisam Wahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Etisam Wahid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-03
publication date: 2025-08-03
starting page: ID 158
ending page: ID 158
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs158

Frequency of Neck Pain Along with Postural Deviation and Thumb Pain Among Smartphone Users in Engineering Universities
type: item
description: Background: Excessive smartphone use has been associated with musculoskeletal and postural problems, particularly among young adults. Engineering students represent a high-risk group due to prolonged screen exposure. Objective: To determine the frequency of neck pain, postural deviation, and thumb pain among engineering university students with heavy smartphone use. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 373 participants (218 males, 155 females; aged 20–25 years) recruited through purposive sampling from five engineering universities in Karachi. Inclusion criteria required smartphone use for more than 4 hours daily. Data were collected using validated tools: the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaire (CHDQ), and the REEDco posture assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Neck pain was reported by 67.8% of participants, with 45.3% showing mild disability, 17.4% moderate disability, 4.8% severe disability, and 0.3% complete disability. Thumb pain was present in 21.2%, and forward head posture in 32.2%. Mean scores (95% CI) were: NDI 9.31 (8.53–10.10), CHDQ 17.44 (14.21–20.67), and REEDco 81.00 (79.64–82.36). NDI and CHDQ demonstrated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.308, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone overuse among engineering students was strongly associated with neck disability and thumb pain, highlighting the need for ergonomic education and preventive healthcare strategies to reduce long-term musculoskeletal risks. Keywords: Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Neck Disability Index, Posture, Smartphone Addiction, Text Neck, Thumb Pain, University Students.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Neck Disability Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Posture
  topic: keywords
subject: Smartphone Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Text Neck
  topic: keywords
subject: Thumb Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Kashmala Khan
creator: Rizwan Ali Shah
creator: Rida Noor Khan
creator: Zoha Shoaib
creator: Zainab Wara Zainab Wara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kashmala Khan, Rizwan Ali Shah, Rida Noor Khan, Zoha Shoaib, Zainab Wara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: ID 157
ending page: ID 157
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs157

Comparative Effects of Fascial Distortion Model and Foam Rolling on Pain, Calf Flexibility and Ankle Range of Motion Among High Heel Users: A Randomized Clinical Trial
type: item
description: Background: Prolonged high-heel use is associated with calf muscle tightness, reduced ankle dorsiflexion, and pain, leading to functional limitations. Effective interventions such as the Fascial Distortion Model (FDM) and foam rolling are increasingly used in musculoskeletal rehabilitation, but their comparative efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of FDM and foam rolling on pain, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and functional performance among habitual high-heel users. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 female participants (age 18–26 years; BMI 21–37 kg/m²). Participants were randomly assigned to either the FDM group (n=15) receiving manual therapy (Trigger Band and Cylinder Distortion techniques) or the foam rolling group (n=15). Both interventions were administered twice weekly for 4 weeks, following a standardized baseline calf stretching protocol. Pain was assessed with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), ankle ROM with a goniometer, and functional dorsiflexion with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT). Results: Among Both interventions produced significant improvements across time points (p<0.001). At week 4, foam rolling showed superior outcomes compared to FDM: NPRS (3.80±0.77 vs. 4.40±0.73), ROM (18.60±1.05 vs. 14.20±1.52), and WBLT (16.36±0.21 vs. 10.22±0.70). Between-group differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Increased FDM and foam rolling are both effective in reducing calf-related pain and enhancing ankle dorsiflexion among habitual high-heel users. Foam rolling, however, demonstrated greater improvements in pain reduction, ROM, and functional performance, supporting its use as a practical and effective intervention in clinical and athletic settings. Keywords: Ankle Dorsiflexion, Fascial Distortion Model, Foam Rolling, Gait, Footwear, Rehabilitation, Myofascial Release, Pain Management, Range Of Motion, Weight-Bearing Lunge Test
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ankle Dorsiflexion
  topic: keywords
subject: Fascial Distortion Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Foam Rolling
  topic: keywords
subject: Gait
  topic: keywords
subject: Footwear
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Myofascial Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Range Of Motion
  topic: keywords
subject: Weight-Bearing Lunge Test
  topic: keywords
creator: Hira Mannan
creator: Ifza Fatima
creator: Soha Naeem
creator: Mariam Zaidi
creator: Mahnoor Maqqadas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hira Mannan, Ifza Fatima, Soha Naeem, Mariam Zaidi, Mahnoor Maqqadas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-26
publication date: 2025-08-26
starting page: ID 154
ending page: ID 154
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs154

Correlation of Screen Time with Neck Pain, Sleep Quality, and Stress among University Students
type: item
description: Background: In the digital age, university students are increasingly reliant on electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets for academic, social, and recreational purposes. The widespread adoption of digital devices has dramatically transformed the lifestyle of university students, making screen time an unavoidable aspect of daily academic and recreational activities. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the correlation of screen time with neck pain, sleep quality and stress among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from university students of university of Lahore. 189 participants was by convenient sampling technique criteria. Data was collected by Neck Disability Index (NDI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess neck pain, stress, and sleep quality, respectively. Results: This study examined the impact of screen time on neck pain, stress, and sleep quality among 189 college students (mean age = 23.66 years; 55% female). Most participants were from a middle socioeconomic background (73.5%). Mean scores were 21.3 for the Neck Disability Index (NDI), 20.1 for the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and 6.2 for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusion: This study found a significant association between increased screen time and adverse outcomes in university students. Higher screen time was correlated with greater neck pain, elevated stress levels, and poorer sleep quality. The majority of students used screens primarily for social media, often exceeding 5 hours daily. Keywords: Neck Pain, Screen Time, Sleep Quality, Perceived Stress
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Neck Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Screen Time
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Zafar
creator: Aqsa Majeed
creator: Sahreen Anwar
creator: Nawal Zafar
creator: Asma Akram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Zafar, Aqsa Majeed, Sahreen Anwar, Nawal Zafar, Asma Akram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-24
publication date: 2026-05-24
starting page: ID 150
ending page: ID 150
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs150

Enhancing Mental Flow and Reflex Respense Through Muscle Memory Training in Boxing and Badminton Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Mental flow and reflex efficiency are essential for peak performance in high-speed sports such as boxing and badminton. Muscle memory, developed through repetitive training, may support the automaticity required to access flow states and reduce reaction latency. Objective: To examine the impact of an integrated muscle memory and cognitive training program on reflex response and mental flow state in university-level boxing and badminton athletes. Methods: A total of 30 athletes (mean age 24.2 ± 1.69 years) participated in an 8-week intervention combining sport-specific movement repetition, visualization, mindfulness meditation, and reaction time drills. Flow state was assessed using the Flow State Scale (FSS), and reflex performance was measured using the Ruler Drop Test (RDT). Paired-sample t-tests and confidence intervals were computed using SPSS v25. Results: Post-intervention RDT scores significantly improved (mean difference: 2.29 ms; 95% CI: 2.10– 2.48; p = 0.000), while FSS scores showed a marked increase (mean difference: –2.40; 95% CI: –2.52 to – 2.27; p = 0.000), confirming enhanced flow and reflex efficiency. Conclusion: Muscle memory training comprising targeted reaction time drills, mindfulness techniques, and sport-specific reflex exercises effectively enhanced both reflex response and mental flow states in university level boxing and badminton athletes. Keywords: Athletic Performance, Attention, Badminton, Boxing, Cognitive Training, Flow State, Motor Skills, Muscle Memory, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reflex Training.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Athletic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Attention
  topic: keywords
subject: Badminton
  topic: keywords
subject: Boxing
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow State
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychomotor Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Reaction Time
  topic: keywords
subject: Reflex Training
  topic: keywords
creator: Basit Ali
creator: Anayat Ali
creator: Abdul Waheed
creator: Hasnain Ishaq
creator: Fatima Tahir
creator: Muhammad Qamar Idrees
creator: Ijaz Ahmed Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Basit Ali, Anayat Ali, Abdul Waheed , Hasnain Ishaq, Fatima Tahir, Muhammad Qamar Idrees, Ijaz Ahmed khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-25
publication date: 2025-06-25
starting page: ID 138
ending page: ID 138
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs138

Correlation of Maximal Respiratory Pressures with Pulmonary Function in Post-COVID-19 Patients
type: item
description: Background: Post-COVID-19 patients frequently experience impaired respiratory muscle strength and reduced lung function, which may not be fully detected through spirometry alone. Objective: To investigate the correlation between maximal respiratory pressures specifically maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with pulmonary function parameters measured with spirometric parameters (FVC and FEV1) in individuals recovering from COVID-19 before and after pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 25 post-COVID-19 patients who completed a structured pulmonary rehabilitation program. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed using MIP and MEP, while lung function was measured via spirometry (FVC and FEV1), both pre- and post-rehabilitation. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations between MIP-FVC and MEP-FEV1. Data collection followed ethical standards and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: Pre-rehabilitation, MIP and FVC were weakly correlated (r = 0.244, p = 0.239), and MEP and FEV1 showed no significant correlation (r = –0.175, p = 0.402). Post-rehabilitation, MIP correlated moderately with FVC (r = 0.553, p = 0.004), and MEP strongly with FEV1 (r = 0.697, p < 0.001), indicating substantial functional improvements. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation enhances respiratory muscle strength and its relationship with pulmonary function, supporting MIP and MEP as sensitive indicators of post-COVID-19 respiratory recovery. Keywords: COVID-19, Forced Expiratory Volume, Muscle Strength, Pulmonary Function Tests, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiratory Function Tests, Respiratory Muscle Training, Respiratory Muscles, Vital Capacity.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Forced Expiratory Volume
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary Function Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary Ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Function Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Muscle Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Muscles
  topic: keywords
subject: Vital Capacity
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Chandra Widjanantie
creator: Maria A Dwiarti Kartika Harinaningtyas
creator: Nury Nusdwinuringtyas
creator: Erlina Burhan
creator: Wiwien Heru Wiyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Chandra Widjanantie, Maria A Dwiarti Kartika Harinaningtyas, Nury Nusdwinuringtyasa, Erlina Burhan, Wiwien Heru Wiyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: ID 132
ending page: ID 132
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs132

Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Caregivers of Children with Disabilities
type: item
description: Background: Caring for children with developmental disabilities places significant emotional and physical strain on caregivers, often leading to poor sleep and compromised mental health. Objective: To assess and compare sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress levels among mothers of children with developmental disabilities versus mothers of typically developing children. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health and PSRD, Lahore. A total of 420 participants were recruited using convenience sampling: 210 mothers of children with developmental disabilities and 210 mothers of typically developing children. Standardized tools Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42) were used to assess sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test; p-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Mothers of children with disabilities reported significantly higher sleep index scores (60.40 ± 10.83) compared to mothers of typically developing children (50.56 ± 6.49; p < 0.001). Stress scores were also higher (28.60 ± 7.71 vs. 25.86 ± 4.33; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in depression (p = 0.411) and anxiety (p = 0.242). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that mothers of children with developmental disabilities experience significantly poor sleep quality and higher stress levels compared to mothers of typically developing children, while differences in depression and anxiety were not statistically significant. Keywords: Anxiety, Caregivers, Developmental Disabilities, Depression, Mental Health, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Social Support, Stress.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: Caregivers
  topic: keywords
subject: Developmental Disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Depression
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Wake Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Adnan
creator: Ramma Inam
creator: Aisha Farid
creator: Aqsa Noor
creator: Nudrat Fatima
creator: Kashaf Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Adnan, Ramma Inam, Aisha Farid, Aqsa Noor, Nudrat Fatima, Kashaf Saleem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: ID 124
ending page: ID 124
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs124

Identifying the Most Susceptible Rotator Cuff Muscle in Amateur Boxers: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Rotator cuff injuries are prevalent in overhead and contact sports like boxing, where repetitive upper limb movements lead to overuse and trauma-related pathologies. Objective: To identify the most commonly affected rotator cuff muscle among amateur boxers using clinical functional assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 184 amateur boxers aged 18–30 years from UFC gyms and university sports departments in Lahore, Pakistan. Participants had at least two years of consistent boxing experience. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire was administered to assess shoulder pain and function. Physical assessments included the Drop Arm Test, Infraspinatus Test, Hornblower’s Sign, and Gerber’s Lift-Off Test, each targeting a specific rotator cuff muscle. Sensitivity and specificity of each test were considered. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS v25. Results: Out of 184 boxers, 152 were male (82.6%) and 32 female (17.4%), with a mean age of 22.98 ± 3.51 years. Supraspinatus was the most affected muscle, with 72 participants (39.1%) testing positive via Drop Arm Test. Infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor followed with 38.0%, 36.9%, and 26.1% involvement, respectively. Moderate to severe shoulder pain was reported by 77.2% of boxers. Conclusion: Supraspinatus tears are the most prevalent rotator cuff injury in amateur boxers, emphasizing the need for early screening, preventive rehabilitation, and shoulder-strengthening protocols in boxing training programs. Keywords: Athletic Injuries, Boxing, Pain Measurement, Physical Examination, Rotator Cuff Injuries, Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Shoulder Injuries, Shoulder Joint, Sports, Supraspinatus, Tears
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Athletic Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Boxing
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Examination
  topic: keywords
subject: Rotator Cuff Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Injuries
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Joint
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports
  topic: keywords
subject: Supraspinatus, Tears
  topic: keywords
creator: Azka Amjad
creator: Hira Shafiq
creator: Fatima Younas
creator: Muhammad Haroon Ur Rahman
creator: Muhammad Asim Arif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Azka Amjad, Hira Shafiq, Fatima Younas, Muhammad Haroon Ur Rahman, Muhammad Asim Arif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-03
publication date: 2025-05-03
starting page: ID 122
ending page: ID 122
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs122

Osteopathic Manual Therapy Versus Conventional Conservative Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders
type: item
description: Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, leading to pain, restricted jaw movement, and impaired quality of life. Conventional conservative therapies, including pharmacological management, physical therapy, and occlusal splints, are widely used but may not provide long-term relief. Osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) has gained attention as a complementary approach, focusing on musculoskeletal alignment, soft tissue release, and neuromuscular re-education to address the root causes of TMD. Objective: This short communication compares the effectiveness of OMT and conventional conservative therapies in TMD management, highlighting their respective benefits in pain relief, functional improvement, and patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative analysis of existing clinical evidence and treatment principles was conducted, examining the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of both approaches. OMT techniques such as myofascial release, balanced ligamentous tension, and craniosacral therapy were compared with pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and occlusal splints in terms of symptom relief, functional restoration, and long-term efficacy. Conclusion: Both OMT and conventional conservative therapies offer valuable options for TMD management. OMT may provide additional benefits by addressing underlying musculoskeletal dysfunctions and offering longer-lasting relief. Integrating OMT with conventional treatments could optimize therapeutic outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols. Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment, Myofascial Release, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, Physical Therapy Modalities, Pain Management, Musculoskeletal Manipulations
subject: Short Communication
  topic: section
subject: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Myofascial Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy Modalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Manipulations
  topic: keywords
creator: Shujaat Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SHUJAATRAHMAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 120
ending page: 120
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs120

Comparison of Hand Function and Grip Strength in Male and Female Hand Weavers
type: item
description: Background: Hand weaving is a labor-intensive occupation that demands prolonged repetitive hand use, predisposing workers to musculoskeletal strain and reduced grip strength. Gender differences in grip strength and hand function among weavers have not been comprehensively studied in South Asia. Objective: To compare hand grip strength and hand function between male and female hand weavers and to identify predictors of functional disability. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 377 participants (246 males, 131 females) recruited from vocational training institutes in Pakistan between November 2022 and February 2023. Eligible participants were aged 24–36 years, with ≥3 years of weaving experience and ≥5 working hours per day. Hand grip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and hand function was assessed using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Males exhibited significantly higher grip strength compared to females (38.4 ± 6.2 kg vs. 27.1 ± 5.8 kg, p < 0.001). Females reported higher disability with PRWE pain (24.6 ± 8.1 vs. 18.5 ± 7.3, p < 0.01), function (41.3 ± 13.2 vs. 32.7 ± 12.4, p < 0.01), and total score (65.9 ± 18.1 vs. 51.2 ± 16.5, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified gender as the strongest predictor of both outcomes, while higher BMI was associated with stronger grip and lower disability (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Male weavers demonstrated superior grip strength and functional outcomes compared to females, who showed greater exposure to musculoskeletal disability. Ergonomic interventions and preventive strategies are warranted to reduce occupational strain among hand weavers. Keywords: Ergonomics, Gender Differences, Hand Strength, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Occupational Health, Textile Industry, Weaving Industry.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Hand Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Textile Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Weaving Industry
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiran Fatima
creator: Fariha Javed
creator: Iqra Abdul Ghafoor
creator: Rubab Ashiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kiran Fatima, Fariha Javed, Iqra Abdul Ghafoor, Rubab Ashiq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-19
publication date: 2025-09-19
starting page: ID 103
ending page: ID 103
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs103

The Influence of Water Aerobics on Aerobic Capacity of Endurance Training Athletes
type: item
description: Background: Water aerobics is a low-impact, high-resistance form of exercise that has gained recognition for its potential benefits in endurance training. The buoyancy and resistance properties of water reduce joint stress while enhancing cardiovascular efficiency, making it a viable alternative to traditional land-based training for endurance athletes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an eight-week water aerobics intervention on the aerobic capacity of endurance-trained athletes using the 3-minute step test and the Cooper Run Test. Methods: A total of 30 male endurance athletes (mean age: 21.8 ± 2.35 years, BMI: 23.17 ± 3.77 kg/m²) were recruited through simple random sampling. Participants completed an eight-week water aerobics program, consisting of five sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes at 60–70% of their maximum heart rate. Pre- and post-intervention aerobic capacity was assessed using the 3-minute step test and Cooper Run Test. Paired sample t-tests were conducted using SPSS 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The 3-minute step test showed a significant reduction in post-exercise heart rate from 120.73 ± 9.55 bpm to 117.93 ± 9.37 bpm (p < 0.001). The Cooper Run Test distance significantly increased from 2290.00 ± 138.24 m to 2308.50 ± 138.75 m (p < 0.001). These findings indicated enhanced cardiovascular efficiency and endurance performance following water aerobics training. Conclusion: This study found that an eight-week water aerobics intervention significantly improved endurance athletes aerobic capacity, enhancing 3-minute step test and Cooper Run Test performance. Keywords: Aquatic Exercise, Athletes, Athletic Performance, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Exercise Therapy, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Physiological Adaptation, Exercise, Water Immersion.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Aquatic Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: Athletic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiorespiratory Fitness
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxygen Consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Endurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiological Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Immersion
  topic: keywords
creator: Samina Saif
creator: Basit Ali
creator: Muhammad Bilal Kamran
creator: Ayesha Rehman
creator: Zareef Sultana
creator: Aisha Sahar
creator: Ijaz Ahmed Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samina Saif, Basit Ali, Muhammad Bilal Kamran, Ayesha Rehman, Zareef Sultana, Aisha Sahar, Ijaz Ahmed Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-29
publication date: 2025-03-29
starting page: 112
ending page: 112
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs112

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Tailors in Saddar, Peshawar: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) pain are common among occupations requiring repetitive manual tasks and sustained postures, particularly in informal sectors such as tailoring. Objective: To determine the frequency and distribution of WMSDs pain among tailors in the Saddar area of Peshawar and assess associated occupational risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 involving 313 male tailors aged 18–40 years using non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected through the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in both English and Urdu. Inclusion criteria required a work duration of 1–10 hours daily for six days weekly. Individuals with trauma, recent surgeries, or pregnancy were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square tests used to assess associations (p < 0.05). Results: Out of 313 participants, 267 (85.3%) reported WMSDs pain. The most affected body regions were the shoulder (14.7%), elbow (13.4%), and upper back (10.5%). Significant associations were found between WMSDs pain and working ≥8 hours/day, as well as sitting and cross-legged postures (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WMSDs pain is highly common among tailors in Peshawar, emphasizing the need for ergonomic interventions, early screening, and worker health awareness to reduce occupational strain. Keywords: Ergonomics, Informal Employment, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Occupational Health, Repetitive Strain Injury, Tailoring, Work-Related Disorders
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Informal Employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Repetitive Strain Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Tailoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-Related Disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahzad Ahmad
creator: Sadaf Aamir
creator: Farhad Gul
creator: Etisam Wahid
creator: Muhammad Sanan Khan
creator: Abbas Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shahzad Ahmad, Sadaf Aamir, Farhad Gul, Etisam Wahid, Muhammad Sanan Khan, Abbas Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-16
publication date: 2025-06-16
starting page: ID 104
ending page: ID 104
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs104

Utilization of Occupational Therapists in Mental Health Settings in Lahore, Pakistan
type: item
description: Background: Occupational therapists (OTs) play a vital role in multidisciplinary mental health teams worldwide, yet their utilization in low-resource contexts such as Pakistan remains poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the employment, awareness, and perceptions of occupational therapy in mental health facilities across Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted over three months among 41 mental health facilities selected through random sampling. Facilities serving neurological, psychological, and psychiatric conditions were included, excluding those limited to physical disabilities. Data were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire adapted from a U.S. study, with expert review. Structured interviews were conducted with administrators or designated spokespersons. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Occupational therapists were employed in only 8 of 10 pediatric facilities (80.0%) and in none of the 31 adult facilities (0.0%). Awareness of OT roles was limited (34.1%), and only 14.6% of facilities considered hiring OTs. Extended service domains such as program development (p < 0.05), staff training (p < 0.05), and case management (p < 0.01) were significantly more common in facilities employing OTs. Conclusion: The utilization of OTs in Lahore’s mental health facilities was minimal, restricted to pediatric services, and hindered by low awareness, overlapping professional roles, and lack of institutional support. Strengthening OT integration has important implications for improving functional rehabilitation and holistic patient care in Pakistan. Keywords: Adult Mental Health, Awareness, Case Management, Mental Health Facilities, Occupational Therapy, Pakistan, Pediatric Mental Health, Rehabilitation, Workforce Utilization.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Adult Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Case Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Facilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Lahore Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Workforce Utilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Nudrat Fatima
creator: Ramsha Khan
creator: Ramma Inam
creator: Muhammad Hussnain Maqsood
creator: Kashaf Saleem
creator: Madiha Maqsood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nudrat Fatima, Ramsha Khan, Ramma Inam, Muhammad Hussnain Maqsood, Kashaf Saleem, Madiha Maqsood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: ID 101
ending page: ID 101
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs101

Impact of Computer Vision Syndrome on the Quality of Life of Office Workers
type: item
description: Background: With the widespread use of digital devices in office settings, computer vision syndrome (CVS) has emerged as a common occupational health concern, potentially affecting workers' physical and mental well-being. Objective: To determine the impact of computer vision syndrome on the quality of life among office workers in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 office workers selected through purposive sampling. Participants aged 15–50 years, using computers for at least 6 hours daily for a minimum of six months, were included. Data were collected using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) and the SF-36 Health Survey. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Frequencies, percentages, means, and cross-tabulations were reported, and chi-square tests were applied to assess associations. Results: Among participants, 43.4% had severe CVS, 39.2% moderate, and 17.5% mild. Most reported poor physical functioning (99.4%) and limitations in role-physical domains (91.6%). Despite severe symptoms, 48.2% reported above-average mental health and 34.3% excellent emotional role functioning. Conclusion: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) significantly affects the physical health of office workers but has a comparatively lesser impact on mental and emotional domains. Ergonomic interventions and digital hygiene practices are essential to improve quality of life. Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Eye Strain, Occupational Health, Office Workers, Quality of Life, Visual Ergonomics.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Computer Vision Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Eye Strain
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Office Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
creator: Eliza Awais
creator: Samara Shaukat
creator: Iqra Ejaz
creator: Muhammad Abubaker Tariq
creator: Saboor Naveed
creator: Iqra Ikram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eliza Awais, Samara Shaukat, Iqra Ejaz, Muhammad Abubaker Tariq, Saboor Naveed, Iqra Ikram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-10
publication date: 2025-04-10
starting page: ID 100
ending page: ID 100
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs100

Association Between Sleep Pattern and Screen Time in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
type: item
description: Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition often accompanied by sleep disturbances and elevated screen exposure, both of which can negatively impact behavioral and emotional health. Objective: To determine the association between screen time and sleep patterns in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the PSRD Occupational Therapy Department. A total of 280 children aged 3–15 years with confirmed ASD diagnoses were included through non-probability sampling. Children with comorbidities or additional physical conditions were excluded. The Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), along with structured questions on screen use, was administered to parents after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Statistics including chi- square tests were used to examine associations, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 280 participants, 54.3% were male and 45.7% female. Most children used smartphones (58.2%), and screen use was highest in the evening (41.9%). A significant association was found between total screen time and sleep disturbances (χ2=96.055, p<0.001). Significant relationships were also observed for screen use duration on holidays (p<0.001) and weekdays (p=0.052), and time of day of screen use (p<0.001). Conclusion: Increased screen time was significantly associated with disturbed sleep patterns in children with ASD. Parental regulation of digital media use may mitigate sleep-related difficulties in this population. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Exposure to Media, Sleep, Sleep Disorders, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep Wake Disorders, Video Display Terminals.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Autism Spectrum Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire
  topic: keywords
subject: Exposure to Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Wake Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Video Display Terminals
  topic: keywords
creator: Aqsa Noor
creator: Ramma Inam
creator: Nudrat Fatima
creator: Kashaf Saleem
creator: Muhammad Adnan
creator: Madiha Maqsood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aqsa Noor, Ramma Inam, Nudrat Fatima, Kashaf Saleem, Muhammad Adnan, Madiha Maqsood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-25
publication date: 2025-03-25
starting page: ID 97
ending page: ID 97
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs97

Frequency of De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis among Instrumental Musicians of Lahore and its Impact on Activities of Daily Living
type: item
description: Background: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a common overuse disorder affecting the tendons of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. Instrumental musicians are particularly susceptible because of repetitive thumb, finger, and wrist movements required during performance. However, evidence regarding its frequency and functional impact among Pakistani musicians remains limited. Objective: To determine the frequency of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis and evaluate its impact on activities of daily living among instrumental musicians in Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 instrumental musicians recruited from Alhamra Arts Council, Lahore, using non-probability convenience sampling. Participants aged 20–59 years underwent screening using Finkelstein’s test. Individuals with positive findings were further assessed using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire to evaluate pain severity and functional limitations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Out of 138 musicians, 96 (69.6%) were male and 42 (30.4%) were female. Finkelstein’s test was positive in 60 participants, yielding a frequency of 43.5% for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Among affected participants, 58 (96.7%) reported mild functional limitations, 1 (1.7%) reported no impact, and 1 (1.7%) reported moderate impairment in activities of daily living. Mild pain was reported by 53 participants (88.3%), while 7 (11.7%) experienced moderate pain. No cases of severe pain or severe disability were observed. Conclusion: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis was highly prevalent among instrumental musicians in Lahore. Although the condition was common, most affected individuals experienced only mild pain and mild functional limitations. Keywords: Activities of Daily Living, De Quervain Disease, Musicians, Occupational Health, Overuse Injury, Repetitive Strain Injury, Tendinopathy, Wrist Pain.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Activities of Daily Living
  topic: keywords
subject: De Quervain Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Musicians
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Overuse Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Repetitive Strain Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Tendinopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Wrist Pain
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Badar
creator: Fariha Khalid
creator: Muhammad Zeeshan Butt
creator: Muhammad Husain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Badar, Fariha Khalid, Muhammad Zeeshan Butt, Muhammad Husain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: ID 94
ending page: ID 94
doi: 10.67108/yzvnms49

Association of Urinary Incontinence, Perceived Stress, and Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
type: item
description: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological disturbances that may predispose affected women to urinary incontinence (UI) and impaired quality of life (QOL). However, evidence regarding the relationship between UI, perceived stress, and QOL in women with PCOS remains limited. Objective: To determine the association between urinary incontinence, perceived stress, and quality of life among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 176 women aged 18–30 years recruited through stratified random sampling at the University of Lahore. Ninety participants had PCOS diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria, while 86 served as controls. Urinary incontinence, perceived stress, and quality of life were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests were applied, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Urinary incontinence was reported by 67.6% of participants. Moderate perceived stress was observed in 44.3%, while 34.7% reported high stress. A significant positive correlation was found between perceived stress and urinary incontinence severity (r=0.566, p<0.001), whereas urinary incontinence demonstrated a significant negative correlation with quality of life (r=−0.378, p<0.001). Conclusion: Women with PCOS experiencing greater perceived stress had more severe urinary incontinence, which was associated with poorer quality of life. Comprehensive multidisciplinary management addressing both physical and psychological health may improve patient outcomes. Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pelvic Floor Disorders, Perceived Stress, Quality of Life, Urinary Incontinence, Women's Health.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Pelvic Floor Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Urinary Incontinence
  topic: keywords
subject: Women's Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Esha Mehmood
creator: Munam Raza
creator: Muhammad Mujtaba
creator: Zaub un Nisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Esha Mehmood, Munam Raza, Muhammad Mujtaba, Zaib un Nisa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
starting page: ID 82
ending page: ID 82
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs82

Association of Cognitive Impairment with Hypertension and Perceived Stress among Older Adults
type: item
description: Background: Cognitive impairment is a growing public health concern among older adults, with hypertension and psychological stress recognized as important modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. Objective: To determine the association of cognitive impairment with hypertension and perceived stress among adults aged 55 years and older. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 participants aged ≥55 years recruited through stratified random sampling at the Farooq Hospital. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), while perceived stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants were categorized into hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups according to blood pressure measurements. Pearson's correlation and independent-samples t-test were performed, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 65.59±8.88 years, and 58.0% were male. Hypertension was present in 50.0% of participants. Cognitive impairment was identified in 30.0% of participants, including 28.7% with mild and 1.3% with severe impairment. Moderate and high perceived stress were reported by 64.7% and 22.7% respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between MMSE and PSS scores (r=-0.470, p<0.001), indicating poorer cognitive performance with increasing stress. Conclusion: Hypertension and elevated perceived stress were significantly associated with cognitive impairment among older adults, emphasizing the importance of early screening, effective blood pressure control, and stress management strategies to preserve cognitive health. Keywords: Aging, Cognitive Dysfunction, Dementia, Hypertension, Memory, Older Adults, Perceived Stress, Psychological Stress.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Aging
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: Dementia
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Older Adults
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Asifa Naheed
creator: Waqas ul Nisa
creator: Muhammad Zeeshan Butt
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asifa Naheed, Waqas ul Nisa, Muhammad Zeeshan Butt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: ID 69
ending page: ID 69
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs69

Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Interns in Allied Health Sciences
type: item
description: Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and physiological symptoms, significantly impacting professional performance and quality of life. Interns in Allied Health Sciences (AHS) face high psychological stress due to workload, financial concerns, job insecurity, and disrupted sleep patterns, increasing their susceptibility to GAD. Objective: To determine the prevalence of GAD among AHS interns and assess the impact of socio- demographic factors on anxiety levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 AHS interns in hospitals and clinical setups in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including socio-demographic variables and the validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. The severity of GAD was categorized into minimal, mild, moderate, and severe. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with chi-square tests applied to assess associations (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among interns was 92 (41.8%), while 128 (58.2%) had no GAD. Among those affected, 18.6% experienced minimal anxiety, 39.5% mild anxiety, 33.2% moderate anxiety, and 8.6% severe anxiety. Significant associations were identified between GAD and various socio-demographic factors, including workload (p = 0.002), financial concerns (p < 0.001), job insecurity (p = 0.001), sleep deprivation (p < 0.001), accommodation (p = 0.016), and part-time work (p = 0.050). However, gender, marital status, and training duration did not show significant correlations. Conclusion: A high prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder was observed among AHS interns, with workload, financial stress, and job insecurity as major contributors. Institutional strategies are needed to mitigate anxiety and enhance mental well-being in future healthcare professionals. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Healthcare Per…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Anxiety Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Personnel
  topic: keywords
subject: Interns and Residents
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahnoor Ijaz
creator: Gul E Sehar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahnoor Ijaz, Gul-E-Sehar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-02-14
publication date: 2025-02-14
starting page: 50
ending page: 50
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs50

Clinical Spectrum and Frequency of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children with Down Syndrome at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology
type: item
description: Background: Children with Down’s syndrome are highly predisposed to congenital heart defects (CHDs), which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Early identification of these defects is crucial for effective management and improved survival outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of various congenital heart defects among children with Down’s syndrome presenting to a tertiary cardiology center. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Fifty eight phenotypically confirmed children with Down’s syndrome, aged from birth to 13 years, were included using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. After thorough clinical evaluation and history taking, all participants underwent transthoracic two dimensional echocardiography, and findings were recorded on a structured preforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and results were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: Congenital heart defects were detected in 29 out of 58 patients (50%), including 16 males and 13 females (male-to-female ratio 1.2:1). Acyanotic lesions were more prevalent (79.3%) than cyanotic lesions (20.7%). The most common isolated defects were ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and complete atrioventricular septal defect (each 20.7%), followed by atrial septal defect (3.4%) and pulmonary atresia (3.4%). Conclusion: Half of the children with Down’s syndrome in this study had congenital heart defects, most frequently acyanotic lesions such as ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and complete atrioventricular septal defect. Routine echocardiographic screening is essential for early detection and timely intervention. Keywords: Acyanotic heart disease, Atrioventricular septal defect, Congenital heart defects, Down syndrome, Echocardiography, Patent ductus arteriosus, Ventricular septal defect.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Acyanotic Heart Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Atrioventricular Septal Defect
  topic: keywords
subject: Congenital Heart Defects
  topic: keywords
subject: Down Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Echocardiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  topic: keywords
subject: Ventricular Septal Defect
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Usama
creator: Major Tahira Naseem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Usama, Major Tahira Naseem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: ID 15
ending page: ID 15
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs15

Frequency of Shoulder Pain and Its Association with Low Back Pain among Street Vendors
type: item
description: Background: Street vendors are frequently exposed to prolonged standing, repetitive upper-limb movements, manual handling of heavy loads, and awkward working postures, which increase their risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders, particularly shoulder pain and low back pain. However, evidence regarding the association between these conditions among street vendors remains limited. Objective: To determine the frequency of shoulder pain and its association with low back pain among street vendors. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 139 male fruit and vegetable street vendors from Gulberg and Iqbal Town using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Shoulder disability was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, while low back pain intensity was evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were reported as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The association between shoulder disability and low back pain was determined using the Chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean weight and height of participants were 62.29 ± 11.07 kg and 169.46 ± 11.26 cm, respectively. Moderate shoulder disability was observed in 40 (28.8%) participants, whereas 86 (61.9%) reported moderate low back pain. A statistically significant association was found between shoulder disability and low back pain (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Shoulder disability was significantly associated with low back pain among street vendors. Ergonomic interventions, early screening, and physiotherapy-based preventive strategies may help reduce musculoskeletal disability and improve occupational health in this vulnerable workforce. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Low Back Pain, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Occupational Health, Occupational Therapy, Shoulder Pain, Street Vendors, Work Related Musculosk…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Body Mass Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Low Back Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Street Vendors
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hassan Raie
creator: Sara Shahid
creator: Melina Babar
creator: Kashmala Younis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hassan Raie, Sara Shahid, Melina Babar, Kashmala Younis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: ID 21
ending page: ID 21
doi: 10.67108/jmhrs21