Osteopathic Manual Therapy Versus Conventional Conservative Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, leading to pain, restricted jaw movement, and impaired quality of life. Conventional conservative therapies, including pharmacological management, physical therapy, and occlusal splints, are widely used but may not provide long-term relief. Osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) has gained attention as a complementary approach, focusing on musculoskeletal alignment, soft tissue release, and neuromuscular re-education to address the root causes of TMD. Objective: This short communication compares the effectiveness of OMT and conventional conservative therapies in TMD management, highlighting their respective benefits in pain relief, functional improvement, and patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative analysis of existing clinical evidence and treatment principles was conducted, examining the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of both approaches. OMT techniques such as myofascial release, balanced ligamentous tension, and craniosacral therapy were compared with pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and occlusal splints in terms of symptom relief, functional restoration, and long-term efficacy. Conclusion: Both OMT and conventional conservative therapies offer valuable options for TMD management. OMT may provide additional benefits by addressing underlying musculoskeletal dysfunctions and offering longer-lasting relief. Integrating OMT with conventional treatments could optimize therapeutic outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols.

Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment, Myofascial Release, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, Physical Therapy Modalities, Pain Management, Musculoskeletal Manipulations