Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Females

UTI Prevalence and risk factors in Pregnant Females

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health issue among pregnant women, posing risks to both maternal and fetal health. Understanding the prevalence of UTIs and associated risk factors in this population is essential for improving antenatal care.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of UTIs and identify associated risk factors among pregnant females attending antenatal clinics in selected hospitals.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 215 pregnant women recruited from Central Park Teaching Hospital, General Hospital, Jinnah Hospital, BHU Kasissay, and DHQ Hafizabad. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and urine samples were analyzed using culture tests to confirm UTIs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors, while chi-square tests were applied to assess significant associations.

Results: The prevalence of UTIs was 44.7% (n=96). Of the participants, 66.5% had pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease, and 51.2% reported a history of abortion. Inadequate fluid intake was reported by 64.2%, and 48.8% reported incomplete bladder emptying. Significant risk factors included pre-existing conditions, poor hydration, and hygiene practices.

Conclusion: The study shows a high prevalence of UTIs among pregnant women, with contributing factors including pre-existing medical conditions, poor hydration, and improper hygiene. Regular screening and improved antenatal education on hygiene and hydration are recommended.

Keywords: Urinary tract infections, Pregnant women, UTI prevalence, Risk factors, Antenatal care, Fluid intake, Incomplete bladder emptying